﻿CAPPERIA 
  HETERODACTYLA. 
  475 
  

  

  outside. 
  Obscnrus, 
  Z., 
  has, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  broader, 
  laterally 
  compressed, 
  palpi, 
  

   usually 
  directed 
  forwards 
  ; 
  the 
  2nd 
  joint 
  terminates 
  in 
  a 
  pointed 
  tuft 
  of 
  hairs, 
  which 
  

   only 
  appears 
  absent 
  when 
  the 
  3rd 
  joint 
  is 
  somewhat 
  drooping, 
  and 
  is 
  thereby 
  

   pressed 
  up 
  against 
  the 
  tuft 
  of 
  hair. 
  The 
  palpi 
  are 
  white 
  at 
  the 
  base, 
  the 
  2nd 
  

   joint 
  outwardly 
  brown 
  with 
  a 
  white 
  border 
  above 
  and 
  below, 
  the 
  3rd 
  joint, 
  whk-h 
  

   is 
  very 
  short, 
  is 
  quite 
  brown 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  side, 
  the 
  palpi 
  are 
  marked 
  as 
  on 
  the 
  

   outer 
  side, 
  only 
  some 
  examples 
  have 
  the 
  2nd 
  joint 
  inwardly 
  white 
  with 
  brown 
  

   borders. 
  Iiieracii, 
  Z., 
  to 
  which 
  species 
  Frey 
  (Stett. 
  Ent. 
  Zeitg., 
  1886, 
  p. 
  18) 
  seems 
  

   inclined 
  to 
  refer 
  var. 
  celeusi 
  as 
  a 
  dark 
  form, 
  may 
  be 
  very 
  easily 
  distinguished 
  

   from 
  var. 
  celeusi 
  by 
  the 
  want 
  of 
  the 
  white 
  longitudinal 
  dash 
  in 
  the 
  outer 
  marginal 
  

   fringes 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  short 
  black 
  scales 
  on 
  the 
  costa 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  

   plumule 
  of 
  the 
  hindwing. 
  This 
  plume, 
  ill-recognised 
  in 
  former 
  years 
  [in 
  the 
  

   Lepidopteren-Fauna 
  der 
  Regensburger 
  Umgegend, 
  by 
  0. 
  Hofmann 
  and 
  Dr. 
  Herri 
  ch- 
  

   Schaffer, 
  Fortsetzung, 
  1855, 
  p. 
  148, 
  marginellus, 
  Z., 
  is 
  brought 
  forward 
  and 
  

   described 
  as 
  hardly 
  specifically 
  different 
  from 
  obscnrus, 
  Z.], 
  flies 
  everywhere, 
  in 
  

   June, 
  in 
  our 
  Donaubergen, 
  also 
  in 
  Kelheim, 
  where 
  I 
  first 
  found 
  the 
  larva 
  on 
  the 
  

   Brannt, 
  in 
  May, 
  1879, 
  of 
  various 
  sizes, 
  on 
  Teucrium 
  cliamaedrys 
  ; 
  it 
  lives 
  exposed 
  

   on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  this 
  plant, 
  which 
  usually 
  serve 
  as 
  its 
  food, 
  though 
  it 
  also 
  gnaws 
  the 
  

   tender 
  stalks 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  shoots, 
  which 
  thereby 
  acquire 
  a 
  withered 
  appearance. 
  

   When 
  in 
  Avant 
  of 
  food 
  they 
  do 
  not 
  spare 
  each 
  other. 
  The 
  fullgrown 
  larva, 
  

   according 
  to 
  Hofmann's 
  drawings, 
  reaches 
  8mm.-9mm. 
  in 
  length, 
  and 
  is 
  dusky 
  pale 
  

   green 
  ; 
  the 
  head 
  looks 
  black, 
  when 
  viewed 
  casually, 
  but, 
  more 
  closely 
  observed, 
  one 
  

   notices 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  colour 
  as 
  the 
  body, 
  but 
  bears 
  broad, 
  shining, 
  black 
  

   spots 
  on 
  its 
  borders. 
  The 
  prothoracic 
  shield 
  and 
  anal 
  shield 
  are 
  not 
  especially 
  

   marked, 
  but 
  concolorous 
  with 
  the 
  body, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  all 
  the 
  legs 
  and 
  anal 
  claspers. 
  

   The 
  whole 
  body 
  (in 
  the 
  young 
  larva 
  transparently 
  reddish) 
  is 
  beset 
  with 
  rows 
  of 
  

   blackish-brown, 
  narrowly 
  white-ringed, 
  warts, 
  which 
  bear 
  stellately-arranged 
  

   white 
  hairs. 
  The 
  slender 
  elongate 
  pupa, 
  fixed 
  to 
  the 
  leaves 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  stalks 
  of 
  the 
  

   plant, 
  is 
  bright 
  green 
  in 
  colour, 
  with 
  a 
  double 
  row 
  of 
  small 
  humps 
  on 
  the 
  dorsum, 
  

   each 
  of 
  which 
  bears 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  strong 
  bristles, 
  directed 
  forwards. 
  The 
  name 
  of 
  

   this 
  species 
  is 
  derived 
  from 
  Celeusum 
  of 
  the 
  Romans 
  (Kelheim) 
  (A. 
  Schmid). 
  

  

  Although 
  we 
  have 
  given 
  Schmid's 
  excellent 
  note 
  above 
  as 
  the 
  

   original 
  description 
  of 
  this 
  insect, 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  observed 
  that 
  Frey 
  first 
  

   published 
  the 
  name, 
  which 
  had 
  hitherto 
  been 
  merely 
  a 
  MS. 
  name, 
  

   originating 
  with 
  Schmid. 
  Frey's 
  notice 
  we 
  have 
  added 
  as 
  a 
  footnote 
  

   (p. 
  474). 
  One 
  point 
  Frey 
  makes 
  clear, 
  viz., 
  that, 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  he 
  wrote 
  

   the 
  note, 
  he 
  was 
  certain 
  that 
  the 
  examples 
  of 
  tencrii 
  from 
  England, 
  

   celeusi 
  from 
  Kelheim, 
  and 
  Iiieracii 
  from 
  Hanover, 
  were 
  all 
  one 
  species 
  

   — 
  a 
  conclusion 
  since 
  confirmed 
  by 
  other 
  lepidopterists. 
  Hofmann 
  

   says 
  (Deutsch. 
  Pteroph., 
  p. 
  117) 
  " 
  celeusi 
  is 
  like 
  loranus, 
  Fuchs, 
  

   somewhat 
  smaller, 
  and, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  darker 
  brown 
  without 
  reddish 
  

   admixture, 
  although 
  distinctly 
  red- 
  brown 
  examples 
  occur 
  ; 
  the 
  white 
  

   dash 
  in 
  the 
  outer 
  marginal 
  fringes 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe 
  is 
  mostly 
  much 
  

   narrower 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  typical 
  0. 
  teucrii, 
  and 
  the 
  inner 
  marginal 
  fringes 
  

   of 
  the 
  upper 
  lobe 
  are, 
  beyond 
  the 
  outer 
  transverse 
  line, 
  only 
  seldom 
  so 
  

   distinctly 
  twice 
  cut 
  through 
  with 
  white 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  the 
  typical 
  

   form 
  ; 
  but, 
  nevertheless, 
  both 
  these 
  distinctive 
  characters 
  are 
  inconstant, 
  

   and, 
  therefore, 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  venture 
  to 
  found 
  a 
  separate 
  species 
  upon 
  them." 
  

   Staudinger 
  and 
  Rebel 
  accept 
  this 
  as 
  a 
  form 
  of 
  teucrii 
  (Cat., 
  3rd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  

   71), 
  and 
  diagnose 
  it 
  as 
  " 
  minor, 
  obscurior, 
  minus 
  rufescens. 
  Bavaria." 
  

   Celeusi 
  is 
  recorded 
  by 
  Meess 
  and 
  Spuler 
  as 
  occurring 
  in 
  the 
  Geisinger 
  

   Bergen, 
  singly, 
  in 
  June, 
  the 
  larva, 
  according 
  to 
  Hofmann, 
  feeding 
  on 
  

   Teucrium 
  cliamaedrys. 
  

  

  Comparison 
  or 
  Capperia 
  heterodactyla 
  with 
  its 
  allies. 
  — 
  Although 
  

   this 
  species, 
  for 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  overlooked, 
  ami 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  names 
  

   rightly 
  belonging 
  to 
  other 
  species, 
  was 
  clearly 
  separated 
  from 
  Iiieracii, 
  

   in 
  1869, 
  by 
  Jordan, 
  yet 
  the 
  German 
  lepidopterists 
  continued 
  to 
  send 
  

   it 
  out 
  as 
  that 
  species 
  (see 
  Ent 
  lice, 
  iii., 
  p. 
  58) 
  until 
  the 
  publication 
  

  

  