﻿CAPPERIA 
  HETERODACTYLA. 
  477 
  

  

  the 
  hollows 
  between 
  the 
  veins 
  on 
  the 
  undersides 
  of 
  the 
  leaves. 
  On 
  

   another 
  occasion, 
  eggs 
  were 
  laid 
  on 
  both 
  the 
  upper- 
  and 
  undersides 
  of 
  

   the 
  leaves, 
  but, 
  as 
  the 
  plant 
  was 
  a 
  weakly 
  one, 
  and 
  the 
  leaves 
  were 
  on 
  

   a 
  somewhat 
  curved 
  stem, 
  this 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  the 
  normal 
  habit. 
  

  

  Ovum. 
  — 
  Length 
  04mm. 
  ; 
  width 
  nearly 
  0'3mm. 
  ; 
  oval 
  in 
  outline, 
  

   plump, 
  yellow 
  in 
  colour 
  ; 
  the 
  micropylar 
  end 
  rather 
  wider 
  and 
  flatter, 
  the 
  

   nadir 
  much 
  more 
  rounded 
  ; 
  the 
  surface 
  shiny, 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  delicate, 
  

   but 
  large-celled, 
  polygonal 
  reticulation 
  (Tutt, 
  July 
  6th, 
  1899). 
  Of 
  the 
  

   cylindrical 
  type 
  ; 
  size 
  about 
  *4mm. 
  long, 
  and 
  2* 
  5mm. 
  wide 
  and 
  thick 
  ; 
  

   rather 
  a 
  broad 
  oval, 
  not 
  flattened 
  on 
  sides, 
  and 
  would 
  give 
  an 
  almost 
  

   (or 
  quite) 
  circular 
  cross-section 
  ; 
  of 
  a 
  pale, 
  but 
  bright, 
  green 
  colour, 
  with 
  

   varnished-looking 
  surface, 
  showing 
  faint 
  traces 
  of 
  surface 
  facets 
  of 
  the 
  

   type 
  exhibited 
  by 
  the 
  egg 
  of 
  M. 
  lunaedactyla* 
  (Bacot, 
  July 
  2nd, 
  1899). 
  

   Yellowish 
  ; 
  oval 
  in 
  all 
  aspects, 
  except 
  that 
  one 
  end 
  is 
  very 
  decidedly 
  

   flattened 
  ; 
  length 
  O40mm., 
  width 
  0-28mm., 
  height 
  021mm. 
  The 
  

   sculpture 
  is 
  bold, 
  in 
  a 
  network 
  of 
  strong, 
  flat, 
  broad 
  ribs, 
  fairly 
  high, 
  

   and 
  forming 
  irregular 
  polygons, 
  each 
  of 
  about 
  0'027mm. 
  in 
  diameter 
  

   (Chapman/July 
  2nd, 
  1904). 
  

  

  Habits 
  of 
  larva. 
  — 
  The 
  young 
  larvae 
  attack 
  the 
  youngest 
  leaves, 
  

   springing 
  from 
  the 
  axillary 
  buds, 
  or 
  from 
  the 
  growing 
  shoot, 
  but 
  few 
  of 
  

   the 
  unopened 
  buds 
  are 
  in 
  a 
  condition 
  for 
  the 
  larvae 
  to 
  enter 
  ; 
  those, 
  that 
  

   are 
  so, 
  are 
  attacked 
  much 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  way 
  as 
  the 
  loose 
  terminal 
  buds 
  of 
  

   the 
  speedwell 
  are 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Stenoptilia 
  pterodactyla 
  after 
  hyber- 
  

   nation 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  expanded 
  leaves 
  the 
  larvae 
  remain 
  upon 
  the 
  underside, 
  

   and 
  eat 
  small 
  irregular 
  holes, 
  apparently 
  leaving 
  the 
  nervures 
  untouched. 
  

   When 
  several 
  larvae 
  attack 
  one 
  small 
  leaf, 
  it 
  is 
  nearly 
  skeletonised. 
  The 
  

   younglarvae 
  grow 
  with 
  such 
  rapidity 
  that, 
  by 
  July 
  20th, 
  1904, 
  when 
  about 
  

   three 
  weeks 
  old, 
  some 
  were 
  3 
  # 
  5mm. 
  in 
  length, 
  and, 
  judging 
  from 
  memory 
  r 
  

   already 
  of 
  the 
  adult 
  form, 
  the 
  segments 
  distinct, 
  and 
  the 
  body 
  tapering 
  

   at 
  both 
  head 
  and 
  anus 
  (Bacot). 
  Gregson 
  also 
  notes 
  (Ent., 
  iv., 
  p. 
  306) 
  

   that 
  " 
  the 
  young 
  larvae 
  leave 
  the 
  eggs 
  in 
  autumn, 
  and 
  the 
  tiny 
  larvae- 
  

   eat 
  little 
  round 
  holes 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  leaves 
  of 
  Teucrium 
  scorodonia 
  grow- 
  

   ing 
  in 
  sheltered 
  places 
  ; 
  they 
  appear 
  in 
  winter 
  as 
  small 
  oval 
  tufts 
  of 
  

   whitish 
  hair, 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  underside 
  of 
  the 
  leaves; 
  early 
  in 
  

   spring 
  they 
  move, 
  and 
  eat 
  into 
  the 
  young 
  shoots 
  of 
  the 
  foodplant,. 
  

   and, 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  days, 
  if 
  the 
  season 
  be 
  fine, 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  

   upperside 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  leaves, 
  casting 
  their 
  skins, 
  and 
  then 
  they 
  appear 
  

   like 
  little 
  oblong 
  pinkish 
  bundles 
  of 
  hair. 
  They 
  now 
  begin 
  to 
  eat 
  

   freely, 
  previous 
  to 
  the 
  next 
  change, 
  and 
  may 
  be 
  easily 
  found, 
  often 
  

   two 
  or 
  three, 
  sometimes 
  more, 
  upon 
  each 
  spike 
  of 
  their 
  foodplant, 
  always 
  

   on 
  the 
  upperside 
  of 
  the 
  terminal 
  leaves. 
  In 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  they 
  move 
  

   down 
  the 
  stem, 
  and 
  eat 
  a 
  small 
  round 
  hole 
  in 
  it, 
  about 
  two 
  joints 
  

   down, 
  which 
  soon 
  causes 
  the 
  tips 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  to 
  droop, 
  and, 
  near 
  

   this 
  cover, 
  they 
  remain 
  for 
  some 
  weeks, 
  eating 
  the 
  young 
  growing 
  

   leaves 
  around 
  them, 
  until 
  they 
  appear 
  as 
  whitish-green 
  hairy 
  

   larva), 
  with 
  a 
  retractilo 
  head, 
  attenuate 
  to 
  the 
  anus, 
  four 
  to 
  five 
  

   lines 
  long, 
  and 
  change 
  in 
  May 
  and 
  June 
  to 
  a 
  pinkish 
  and 
  green, 
  

   and 
  eventually 
  brown, 
  pupa." 
  The 
  larva 
  1 
  seem 
  to 
  grow 
  very 
  Little 
  

  

  * 
  A 
  later 
  description 
  reads: 
  "In 
  shape, 
  a 
  long 
  regular 
  oval 
  of 
  a 
  pale 
  and 
  

   transparent 
  yellowish-green 
  colour, 
  with 
  the 
  usual 
  highly-varnished 
  surface. 
  

   Some 
  faint 
  surface-markings 
  are 
  present, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  definite 
  enough 
  to 
  

   describe 
  as 
  sculpturing. 
  Length 
  about 
  '450mm. 
  ; 
  width 
  about 
  '2mm. 
  to 
  '225mm. 
  : 
  

   these 
  eggs 
  also 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  circular 
  in 
  oross-seotion, 
  at 
  any 
  rate, 
  1 
  can 
  

   only 
  manage 
  to 
  get 
  them 
  into 
  positions 
  that 
  give 
  me 
  the 
  one 
  measurement 
  " 
  (Be 
  

  

  