﻿CAPPERIA 
  HETERODACTYLA. 
  481 
  

  

  immediately 
  surrounds 
  the 
  tubercles, 
  nearly 
  pure 
  white. 
  Both 
  the 
  

   true 
  legs 
  and 
  prolegs 
  are 
  pale, 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  very 
  tall 
  and 
  slender. 
  

   Skin 
  covered 
  with 
  numerous 
  raised 
  chitinous 
  buttons, 
  evidently 
  a 
  

   development 
  of 
  the 
  spicular 
  coat, 
  and, 
  although 
  they 
  are 
  actually 
  minute, 
  

   they 
  are, 
  relatively 
  to 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  larva, 
  large 
  and 
  coarse. 
  The 
  

   spiracles 
  are 
  dark 
  brown 
  or 
  black, 
  and 
  are 
  raised 
  into 
  short 
  tubes 
  that 
  

   taper 
  upwards 
  from 
  the 
  base 
  like 
  a 
  lighthouse, 
  they 
  are 
  about 
  one 
  and 
  

   a 
  half 
  times 
  as 
  high 
  as 
  the 
  diameter 
  of 
  the 
  longer 
  transverse 
  

   axis. 
  The 
  skin 
  bears 
  a 
  small 
  number 
  of 
  hairs 
  (secondary 
  skin-hairs) 
  

   in 
  addition 
  to 
  those 
  arising 
  from 
  the 
  tubercular 
  area, 
  and 
  these, 
  

   together 
  with 
  the 
  smaller 
  tubercular 
  hairs, 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  enlarged 
  at 
  

   the 
  tips, 
  when 
  seen 
  under 
  a 
  1-inch 
  objective; 
  with 
  a 
  |-inch 
  

   objective, 
  they 
  are 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  merely 
  blunt-ended, 
  but, 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  

   very 
  nearly 
  transparent 
  for 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  their 
  length 
  and 
  filled 
  

   with 
  an 
  opaque 
  white 
  substance 
  at 
  the 
  tip, 
  the 
  apparent 
  enlargement, 
  

   when 
  viewed 
  under 
  a 
  lower 
  power, 
  is 
  most 
  probably 
  optical. 
  The 
  

   longest 
  (probably 
  the 
  primary) 
  tubercular 
  hairs 
  arise 
  from 
  dark 
  

   brown 
  or 
  black 
  bases 
  ; 
  they 
  are 
  tapering, 
  and 
  of 
  pale 
  colour, 
  with 
  

   one 
  or 
  more 
  dark 
  bands 
  round 
  them 
  at 
  about 
  half 
  their 
  height, 
  and 
  

   then 
  pale 
  to 
  their 
  tips. 
  Tubercles: 
  The 
  dorsal 
  tubercles 
  have 
  converged 
  

   and 
  developed 
  into 
  large 
  raised 
  warts. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  secondary 
  wart 
  

   behind 
  spiracles, 
  only 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  small 
  hairs. 
  

   Tubercles 
  i+ii 
  are 
  combined 
  into 
  a 
  single 
  wart 
  on 
  all 
  segments 
  from 
  

   the 
  mesothorax 
  to 
  the 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  ; 
  iii 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  wart 
  in 
  about 
  

   normal 
  position 
  above 
  spiracle 
  ; 
  iv 
  and 
  v 
  conjoined 
  form 
  another 
  

   below 
  it 
  ; 
  there 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  marginal 
  series. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  tolerably 
  

   conspicuous 
  reddish 
  patch 
  just 
  above 
  base 
  of 
  true 
  legs 
  (Bacot, 
  

   May 
  1st, 
  1904). 
  ? 
  Fourth 
  instar 
  (after 
  moulting 
  hybernating 
  skm) 
  : 
  

   Between 
  6mm. 
  and 
  7mm. 
  long 
  when 
  crawling, 
  almost 
  6mm. 
  at 
  rest. 
  

   The 
  body 
  pale 
  greenish, 
  with 
  broken, 
  reddish, 
  mediodorsal 
  line 
  ; 
  sub- 
  

   dorsal 
  and 
  supraspiracular 
  lines 
  still 
  sufficiently 
  well-developed 
  to 
  give 
  a 
  

   marked 
  red 
  tinge 
  to 
  the 
  ground 
  colour 
  (but 
  much 
  less 
  so 
  than 
  in 
  

   preceding 
  instar), 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  magnificent 
  assemblage 
  of 
  white 
  

   silvery 
  hairs 
  arising 
  from 
  the 
  tubercles. 
  The 
  body 
  also 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  

   stouter, 
  but 
  still 
  quite 
  cylindrical, 
  and 
  with 
  no 
  perceptible 
  inclination 
  

   to 
  flattening 
  ventrally, 
  thinning 
  off, 
  also, 
  both 
  anteriorly 
  and 
  

   posteriorly. 
  The 
  head 
  is 
  now 
  of 
  a 
  semitransparent 
  greenish-yellow, 
  

   with 
  two 
  dark 
  brown 
  patches 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  clypeus. 
  The 
  

   tubercles 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  arranged 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  preceding 
  instar. 
  The 
  

   prothorax 
  is 
  covered 
  dorsally 
  with 
  a 
  panoply 
  of 
  hairs, 
  arising 
  from 
  a 
  

   large 
  combined 
  wart, 
  i 
  + 
  ii, 
  which 
  projects 
  over, 
  and 
  protects, 
  the 
  some- 
  

   what 
  retractile 
  head 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  segments 
  the 
  tubercular 
  warts 
  are 
  

   — 
  i 
  + 
  ii 
  united, 
  iii 
  rather 
  smaller 
  than 
  these, 
  iv 
  + 
  v 
  about 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  iii, 
  

   vi 
  somewhat 
  smaller, 
  vii 
  very 
  ventral, 
  rather 
  larger 
  than 
  vi, 
  also 
  

   a 
  small 
  accessory 
  postspiracular 
  ; 
  i 
  + 
  ii, 
  iii, 
  and 
  iv 
  + 
  v 
  are 
  raised, 
  and 
  

   each 
  produces 
  a 
  magnificent 
  series 
  of 
  divergent 
  white 
  hairs, 
  with 
  

   blunt-ended 
  tips 
  of 
  a 
  silvery-white 
  colour, 
  of 
  three 
  sizes, 
  shining, 
  under 
  

   a 
  good 
  light, 
  like 
  filigree-work; 
  the 
  longest 
  of 
  these 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  

   readily 
  recognised 
  as 
  the 
  primary 
  setsB, 
  the 
  smallest 
  are 
  very 
  similar 
  

   to 
  the 
  secondary, 
  scattered, 
  blunt-ended 
  hairs 
  that 
  arise 
  irregularly 
  

   from 
  the 
  body 
  surface 
  ; 
  vi 
  and 
  vii 
  are 
  almost 
  Hat. 
  The 
  spiracles 
  are 
  

   very 
  striking, 
  dark, 
  almost 
  black 
  in 
  colour, 
  with 
  a 
  median 
  metallic- 
  

   looking 
  spot. 
  Same 
  instar 
  preparing 
  for 
  another 
  moult 
  : 
  6mm. 
  -7mm. 
  

  

  