﻿486 
  

  

  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  are 
  various 
  minute 
  nodules 
  and 
  ridges, 
  the 
  most 
  marked 
  of 
  which, 
  

   perhaps, 
  follows 
  closely 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  glazed 
  eye 
  inside 
  it 
  ; 
  seen 
  

   laterally, 
  the 
  two 
  clypeal 
  hairs 
  have 
  a 
  very 
  walrus- 
  tusk 
  aspect, 
  in 
  spite 
  

   of 
  their 
  relative 
  delicacy, 
  and 
  the 
  antennas 
  form 
  fine 
  nodulated 
  ridges. 
  

   The 
  wings 
  begin 
  basally 
  with 
  three 
  rows 
  of 
  hairs 
  ; 
  the 
  middle 
  one 
  is 
  

   very 
  short. 
  The 
  second 
  dorsal 
  one 
  ends 
  at 
  the 
  posterior 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  

   2nd 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  but 
  here 
  are, 
  again, 
  a 
  few 
  hairs 
  of 
  a 
  middle 
  

   row, 
  and, 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  these, 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  a 
  fourth 
  row 
  of 
  hairs 
  (or 
  

   5th, 
  if 
  the 
  few 
  hairs 
  just 
  mentioned 
  are 
  not 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  middle 
  

   set). 
  An 
  outer 
  row 
  again 
  appears, 
  and 
  these 
  rows 
  proceed 
  till 
  stopped 
  

   by 
  hind 
  margin. 
  The 
  very 
  finely 
  pointed 
  wing-tip 
  is 
  about 
  0'3mm. 
  

   short 
  of 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  2nd 
  legs. 
  The 
  above 
  description 
  was 
  made 
  

   from 
  a 
  living 
  pupa, 
  and 
  under 
  the 
  impression 
  that 
  the 
  apparent 
  

   hairiness 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  allied 
  it 
  with 
  the 
  hairy 
  Alucitids, 
  and 
  before 
  a 
  fuller 
  

   study 
  of 
  the 
  Oxyptilid 
  pupae 
  showed 
  the 
  necessity 
  of 
  distinguishing 
  

   between 
  : 
  (1) 
  true 
  hairs, 
  (2) 
  secondary 
  hairs, 
  (3) 
  skin 
  processes 
  (spines 
  

   or 
  horns), 
  and 
  (4) 
  enlarged 
  skin-points. 
  [The 
  following 
  note, 
  made 
  

   more 
  recently 
  from 
  mounted 
  pupa-shells, 
  will 
  afford 
  to 
  correct 
  the 
  

   preceding 
  description 
  which 
  is 
  in 
  error 
  in 
  calling 
  skin-processes 
  hairs 
  : 
  

   The 
  pupa 
  of 
  C. 
  lieterodactyla 
  is 
  Oxyptilid, 
  in 
  having 
  essentially 
  

   the 
  same 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  bases 
  of 
  the 
  dorsal 
  tubercles 
  into 
  spines 
  

   and 
  processes 
  that 
  is 
  characteristic 
  of 
  C. 
  distant, 
  and 
  that 
  is 
  carried 
  

   to 
  such 
  high 
  development 
  in 
  the 
  Amblyptiliid 
  and 
  Marasmarchid 
  

   pupae. 
  In 
  Capperia 
  lieterodactyla, 
  the 
  spines 
  are 
  much 
  more 
  slender 
  than 
  

   in 
  Crombrugghia 
  distans, 
  are, 
  in 
  fact, 
  so 
  thin, 
  that 
  one 
  describes 
  them 
  as 
  

   hairs, 
  until 
  a 
  closer 
  examination 
  of 
  them 
  is 
  made. 
  In 
  this 
  way 
  , 
  one 
  confuses 
  

   the 
  structure 
  with 
  the 
  very 
  different 
  one 
  of, 
  say, 
  Wheeleria 
  migadactyla 
  

   (spilodaetyla), 
  where 
  tubercle 
  i 
  (with 
  ii 
  just 
  behind 
  it) 
  carries 
  a 
  number 
  

   of 
  true 
  hairs. 
  In 
  Capperia 
  lieterodactyla 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  single, 
  definite 
  hair 
  to 
  

   represent 
  i, 
  and 
  another 
  for 
  ii 
  ; 
  the 
  other 
  hair-like 
  structures 
  are 
  pupal- 
  

   processes, 
  like 
  the 
  halbert 
  spines 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  Amblyptilia 
  cosmodactgla 
  

   (acanthodactyla) 
  , 
  i.e., 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  pupal 
  integument 
  into 
  this 
  form. 
  

   In 
  Crombrugghia 
  distans, 
  these 
  horns 
  or 
  processes 
  have 
  a 
  rough 
  surface 
  

   due 
  to 
  their 
  having 
  the 
  same 
  structure 
  on 
  the 
  generalpupai 
  surface, 
  viz., 
  a 
  

   minute, 
  closely-set, 
  pitting. 
  In 
  Capperia 
  lieterodactyla, 
  these 
  horns, 
  having 
  

   become 
  slender 
  and 
  hair-like, 
  retain 
  a 
  similar 
  roughness, 
  and 
  have 
  all 
  

   the 
  appearance 
  of 
  spiculated 
  hairs. 
  One 
  is 
  so 
  used 
  to 
  spiculated 
  hairs, 
  

   especially 
  on 
  larvas 
  of 
  "plumes," 
  that 
  a 
  first 
  impression 
  is 
  that 
  these 
  

   must 
  be 
  similar 
  spiculated 
  hairs 
  ; 
  this, 
  however, 
  is 
  at 
  once 
  corrected 
  

   by 
  noticing 
  that 
  their 
  surface 
  is 
  continuous 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  

   the 
  pupa, 
  without 
  any 
  separation 
  by 
  line 
  or 
  suture, 
  whilst 
  the 
  two 
  

   hairs 
  proper 
  of 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  are 
  very 
  obvious, 
  with 
  their 
  elaborate 
  basal 
  

   articulation. 
  They 
  are 
  perfectly 
  plain 
  and 
  smooth, 
  without 
  any 
  trace 
  

   of 
  spiculation, 
  and 
  so 
  contrast 
  with 
  the 
  horns. 
  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  not, 
  there- 
  

   fore, 
  really 
  a 
  hairy 
  pupa 
  as 
  it 
  appears 
  to 
  be, 
  except, 
  of 
  course, 
  in 
  the 
  

   very 
  natural 
  sense 
  that 
  any 
  filamentous 
  cutaneous 
  structure 
  maybe 
  called 
  

   a 
  hair. 
  We 
  need 
  not 
  here 
  burden 
  ourselves 
  with 
  other 
  questions 
  that 
  may 
  

   arise 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  other 
  pupas, 
  but, 
  having 
  referred 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  Wheeleria 
  

   migadactyla 
  {spilodaetyla), 
  we 
  may 
  note 
  that 
  the 
  long 
  hairs 
  on 
  that 
  pupa 
  

   are 
  true 
  hairs 
  arising 
  from 
  " 
  warts," 
  i.e., 
  many-haired 
  tubercles, 
  whilst 
  

   the 
  short 
  ones 
  are 
  neither 
  true 
  hairs, 
  nor 
  pupal 
  processes, 
  as 
  in 
  Capperia 
  

   lieterodactyla, 
  but, 
  apparently, 
  enlarged 
  skin-points 
  like 
  the 
  secondary 
  

   "hairs" 
  on 
  the 
  larvaa 
  of 
  Platyptilia. 
  The 
  wing-hairs 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  

  

  