﻿CAPPERIA 
  HETERODACTYLA. 
  487 
  

  

  Wheeleria 
  migadactyla 
  (spilodactyla) 
  are 
  small 
  and 
  numerous, 
  and 
  appear 
  

   to 
  be, 
  similarly, 
  skin-points, 
  whilst 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  C. 
  heterodactyla 
  has 
  fewer 
  

   and 
  larger 
  ones 
  that 
  are 
  spiculated 
  and 
  apparently 
  "horns" 
  like 
  the 
  

   dorsal 
  ones. 
  One 
  would 
  expect 
  the 
  wing-hairs 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  same 
  structure 
  in 
  

   both 
  cases, 
  until 
  one 
  reflects 
  that 
  this 
  is 
  no 
  more 
  necessarily 
  the 
  case 
  

   than 
  for 
  the 
  dorsal 
  "hairs" 
  of 
  i 
  and 
  ii.] 
  (Chapman). 
  Pupa-case: 
  The 
  

   extremely 
  sharp 
  angle, 
  at 
  which 
  the 
  upper 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  pupa-case 
  is 
  

   bent 
  backwards 
  after 
  emergence, 
  is 
  only 
  paralleled 
  in 
  Adactylus 
  bennetii, 
  

   among 
  the 
  species 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  examined, 
  and 
  it 
  renders 
  accurate 
  

   measurement 
  very 
  difficult. 
  The 
  length 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  from 
  8*5mm. 
  

   to 
  10mm., 
  the 
  diameter 
  just 
  under 
  2mm. 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  wing-cases. 
  

   The 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  empty 
  pupa-skin 
  is 
  pale 
  yellowish-white, 
  with 
  a 
  

   trifle 
  darker 
  shade 
  on 
  the 
  anterior 
  dorsal 
  region. 
  In 
  shape 
  it 
  is 
  nearly, 
  

   or 
  quite, 
  cylindrical. 
  The 
  spiracles 
  are 
  low, 
  only 
  slightly 
  raised, 
  with 
  

   a 
  slit-like 
  opening. 
  There 
  are 
  structural 
  dorsal 
  ridges, 
  of 
  the 
  nature 
  

   of 
  thin 
  walls, 
  on 
  the 
  anterior 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  in 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  dorsal 
  

   tubercles, 
  the 
  processes, 
  on 
  which 
  these 
  latter 
  are 
  placed, 
  rising 
  directly 
  

   from, 
  or 
  through, 
  the 
  flange. 
  The 
  antenna-cases, 
  and 
  chief 
  nervures 
  

   on 
  the 
  wing-cases, 
  are 
  fringed 
  with 
  hairs, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  so 
  prominent 
  

   a 
  feature 
  as 
  in 
  Porrittia 
  galactodactyla, 
  Ovendenia 
  septodactyla, 
  or 
  

   Oidaematophorus 
  lithodactyla. 
  In 
  reality, 
  the 
  tubercles 
  bear 
  single 
  hairs, 
  

   but, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  exceedingly 
  hair-like 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  dorsal 
  pro- 
  

   cesses 
  or 
  horns, 
  really 
  a 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  raised 
  skin-area 
  which 
  bears 
  

   the 
  dorsal 
  tubercles, 
  the 
  pupa, 
  at 
  a 
  casual 
  glance, 
  appears 
  to 
  bear 
  many- 
  

   haired 
  tubercles. 
  This 
  arrangement 
  suggests 
  a 
  fairly 
  close 
  relationship 
  

   with 
  Marasmarcha 
  lunaedactyla. 
  All 
  the 
  dorsal 
  tubercular 
  processes 
  are 
  

   fairly 
  well 
  developed 
  from 
  the 
  1st 
  abdominal 
  to 
  the 
  8th 
  abdominal, 
  and, 
  

   although 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  bears 
  the 
  largest 
  processes, 
  there 
  is 
  not 
  

   the 
  same 
  marked 
  disparity 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  M. 
  lunaedactyla. 
  

   Each 
  process 
  consists 
  of 
  the 
  raised 
  skin-area 
  bearing 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  ; 
  between 
  

   these 
  tubercles 
  rise 
  two 
  tall, 
  slender, 
  tapering 
  horns. 
  The 
  tubercles 
  

   themselves 
  are 
  situated 
  just 
  below 
  the 
  juncture 
  of 
  these 
  horns, 
  rather 
  

   to 
  the 
  outer 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  process, 
  their 
  hairs 
  pointing 
  anteriorly 
  and 
  

   posteriorly 
  at 
  a 
  low 
  angle 
  ; 
  slightly 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  process, 
  

   and 
  lower 
  down 
  than 
  the 
  tubercles, 
  arise 
  two 
  smaller 
  horns, 
  one 
  

   anterior 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  posterior. 
  On 
  the 
  2nd 
  and 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  

   segments, 
  the 
  posterior 
  horn 
  is 
  nearly 
  as 
  large 
  as 
  the 
  central 
  ones, 
  while 
  

   on 
  the 
  later 
  segments, 
  (?) 
  4th 
  and 
  5th, 
  but 
  certainly 
  on 
  the 
  6th, 
  7th, 
  

   and 
  8th, 
  this 
  hair 
  is 
  altogether 
  wanting. 
  On 
  the 
  2nd 
  to 
  8th 
  abdominals 
  

   there 
  is 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  small, 
  forked, 
  horn-like 
  processes, 
  one 
  on 
  either 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  dorsal 
  line, 
  on 
  a 
  low 
  transverse 
  ridge, 
  which 
  connects 
  the 
  large 
  

   dorsal 
  processes, 
  one 
  fork 
  of 
  each 
  pair 
  bending 
  forwards, 
  and 
  one 
  back- 
  

   wards; 
  tubercle 
  iii 
  is 
  situated 
  posteriorly 
  to, 
  and 
  above, 
  the 
  spiracle 
  ; 
  it 
  

   appears 
  to 
  bear 
  two 
  large 
  hairs, 
  but 
  a 
  closer 
  examination 
  shows 
  that 
  

   the 
  anterior 
  alone 
  has 
  a 
  tubercular 
  base, 
  the 
  posterior 
  being 
  a 
  slender, 
  

   horn-like, 
  process, 
  arising 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  tubercle 
  ; 
  iv 
  and 
  v 
  are 
  in 
  

   line 
  below 
  iii, 
  the 
  bases 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  hairs 
  being 
  separated 
  by 
  another 
  

   tall 
  slender 
  horn, 
  that 
  could 
  quite 
  as 
  easily 
  be 
  mistaken 
  for 
  a 
  hair 
  as 
  

   that 
  at 
  base 
  of 
  iii 
  ; 
  tubercle 
  vi 
  carries 
  a 
  single 
  large 
  hair, 
  with 
  a 
  very 
  

   small 
  process 
  at 
  its 
  base, 
  and 
  vii 
  two 
  hairs, 
  with 
  their 
  bases 
  a 
  short 
  

   distance 
  apart. 
  The 
  hairs 
  are 
  white, 
  and 
  smooth; 
  they 
  taper 
  

   very 
  gradually 
  and 
  evenly; 
  the 
  horn-like 
  processes, 
  although 
  confusing 
  

   at 
  first, 
  are 
  easily 
  enough 
  distinguished 
  after 
  a 
  short 
  examination, 
  owing 
  

  

  