﻿BUCKLERIA 
  PALUDUM. 
  49B 
  

  

  ix., 
  p. 
  397) 
  that 
  "pallidum 
  has 
  recently 
  been 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  genus 
  

   Leioptilus, 
  but 
  has 
  been 
  separated 
  by 
  Lord 
  Walsingham, 
  under 
  the 
  

   present 
  name 
  (Trichoptilus), 
  with 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  closely 
  allied 
  North 
  

   American 
  and 
  other 
  exotic 
  species." 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  we 
  know, 
  the 
  species 
  

   has 
  never 
  been 
  placed 
  by 
  any 
  author 
  in 
  Leioptilus, 
  whilst, 
  farther, 
  

   "Walsingham 
  created 
  Trichoptilus 
  for 
  certain 
  American 
  species, 
  without, 
  

   however, 
  referring 
  pallidum 
  thereto 
  ; 
  it 
  was 
  Meyrick 
  who 
  referred 
  our 
  

   pallidum 
  and 
  other 
  exotic 
  species, 
  differing 
  apparently 
  in 
  structure, 
  to 
  

   the 
  American 
  genus. 
  Hofmann's 
  Trichoptilus 
  is 
  largely 
  based 
  on 
  

   pallidum 
  f 
  and 
  is, 
  therefore, 
  nearly 
  synonymous 
  with 
  our 
  Bucklericu 
  

   His 
  diagnosis 
  (Die 
  Deutsch. 
  Pteroph., 
  pp. 
  169-170) 
  reads 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  Forehead 
  and 
  crown 
  smooth-scaled 
  ; 
  antennae 
  loosely 
  scaled 
  all 
  round, 
  especially 
  

   in 
  the 
  apical 
  third, 
  where 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  scales 
  of 
  the 
  joints 
  are 
  erect. 
  Palpi 
  rather 
  

   long 
  and 
  slender, 
  smooth-scaled, 
  second 
  joint 
  somewhat 
  ascending, 
  sometimes 
  with 
  

   a 
  few 
  slightly-projecting 
  scales 
  at 
  its 
  apex, 
  terminal 
  joint 
  shorter 
  than 
  the 
  second, 
  

   directed 
  downwards. 
  Tibias 
  with 
  scale-thickenings 
  at 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  spurs. 
  

   Fore 
  wings 
  fissured 
  to 
  the 
  middle, 
  both 
  lobes 
  narrow, 
  and 
  running 
  to 
  a 
  point, 
  the 
  

   upper 
  broader 
  than 
  the 
  lower. 
  Plumules 
  of 
  the 
  hindwings 
  similar 
  to 
  one 
  another 
  ; 
  

   in 
  the 
  only 
  German 
  species, 
  without 
  scale-tufts 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  

   plumule"; 
  in 
  a 
  second 
  south 
  European 
  species, 
  with 
  a 
  very 
  small 
  and 
  weak 
  scale-tuft 
  

   in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  inner 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  plumule. 
  The 
  neuration 
  differs 
  from 
  

   that 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Oxyptilus 
  in 
  that 
  II-l 
  (Branch 
  11, 
  H.-S 
  ) 
  is 
  absent, 
  and 
  that 
  only 
  

   one 
  stem 
  arises 
  from 
  the 
  upper 
  angle 
  of 
  the 
  central 
  cell, 
  namely, 
  the 
  common 
  stem 
  

   of 
  II 
  2 
  , 
  H 
  3 
  , 
  and 
  II 
  4 
  . 
  II 
  5 
  (Branch 
  7, 
  H.-S.) 
  arises 
  at 
  some 
  distance 
  from 
  this 
  common 
  

   stem 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  very 
  weakly 
  indicated, 
  vertically 
  running, 
  discocellular, 
  and 
  runs 
  

   parallel 
  with 
  stem 
  II 
  along 
  the 
  inner 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  lobe. 
  III 
  1 
  and 
  1II 
  2 
  are 
  

   scarcely 
  to 
  be 
  recognised, 
  III 
  3 
  (Branch 
  4, 
  H.-S.) 
  is 
  adjoined 
  to 
  IV, 
  and 
  arises 
  with 
  the- 
  

   very 
  short 
  and 
  weak 
  branch 
  IV 
  1 
  (Branch 
  3, 
  H.-S.) 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  stem 
  IV 
  shortly 
  before 
  

   the 
  apex 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe. 
  IV 
  2 
  (Branch 
  2, 
  H.-S.) 
  arises, 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  

   lobe 
  just 
  at 
  the 
  fissure, 
  out 
  of 
  stem 
  IV, 
  is 
  very 
  weak, 
  closely 
  adpressed 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  

   stem, 
  and 
  vanishes 
  at 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe 
  in 
  the 
  wing 
  membrane. 
  

   Stem 
  V 
  is, 
  in 
  the 
  basal 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  forewings, 
  very 
  weak, 
  afterwards 
  stronger, 
  and 
  

   vanishes 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe 
  where 
  IVj 
  arises. 
  Stem 
  a 
  is 
  only 
  weakly 
  

   indicated 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  wing. 
  On 
  the 
  hindwings, 
  stem 
  IV 
  only 
  throws 
  off 
  a 
  

   short 
  branch, 
  which, 
  running 
  very 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  stem, 
  gradually 
  loses 
  itself 
  in 
  

   the 
  middle 
  plumule. 
  The 
  male 
  genitalia 
  are 
  distinguished 
  by 
  the 
  very 
  remarkably 
  

   formed 
  genital 
  clasps 
  ; 
  these 
  are 
  extended 
  lengthwise, 
  narrow, 
  hollow 
  within, 
  and 
  

   furnished 
  with 
  a 
  broad, 
  axe-shaped 
  (beilfomiig), 
  bristly, 
  membranous 
  process 
  

   (Taf. 
  iii., 
  fig. 
  10). 
  The 
  10th 
  dorsal 
  plate 
  obtusely 
  triangled, 
  arched, 
  and 
  directed 
  

   downwards 
  at 
  the 
  apex. 
  The 
  9th 
  dorsal 
  and 
  ventral 
  plates 
  exhibit 
  nothing 
  

   especially 
  noticeable. 
  The 
  much 
  more 
  perfect 
  neuration, 
  the 
  thickening 
  of 
  the 
  

   tibiae 
  with 
  scales, 
  and 
  the 
  differing 
  typical 
  markings, 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  

   Oxyptilus, 
  completely 
  justify 
  the 
  separation 
  from 
  Acipt'dia. 
  From 
  Oxyptilus, 
  

   the 
  genus 
  may 
  equally 
  well 
  be 
  differentiated 
  by 
  the 
  perfectly-pointed, 
  narrow, 
  lower 
  

   lobe, 
  without 
  a 
  trace 
  of 
  an 
  anal 
  angle, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  neuration. 
  Only 
  one 
  German 
  

   species 
  — 
  pallidum. 
  

  

  BUCKLERIA 
  PALUDUM, 
  Zellei". 
  

  

  Synonymy.— 
  Species: 
  Pallidum, 
  Zell., 
  "Isis," 
  p. 
  277 
  (1839); 
  p. 
  866 
  (1841); 
  Dup., 
  

   "Cat. 
  Meth.," 
  p. 
  383(1844); 
  ZelL, 
  "Linn. 
  Ent.," 
  vi., 
  p. 
  400 
  (1852) 
  ; 
  Sta., 
  "Cat.," 
  

   supp. 
  p. 
  13 
  (1851); 
  H.-Sch., 
  " 
  Sys. 
  Bearb., 
  " 
  v., 
  p. 
  382, 
  supp. 
  fig, 
  19 
  (1855); 
  

   Thomps., 
  "Ent. 
  Wk. 
  Int.," 
  ii., 
  p. 
  108 
  (1857) 
  ; 
  Sta., 
  "Man.," 
  ii., 
  p. 
  445 
  (1859) 
  ; 
  

   Jord., 
  "Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  vi., 
  p. 
  150 
  (1869) 
  ; 
  Stand, 
  and 
  Wooke, 
  " 
  Cat.," 
  2nd 
  el 
  , 
  

   p. 
  345 
  (1871); 
  Cunl 
  y 
  Mart., 
  "Cat. 
  Lep.," 
  p. 
  204 
  (1874); 
  Hein. 
  and 
  Wooke, 
  

   "Schmett. 
  Deutsch.," 
  iii., 
  pt. 
  2, 
  p. 
  810 
  (1877) 
  ; 
  Biitt., 
  " 
  Stett. 
  Ent. 
  Ztg.," 
  xli.. 
  

   p. 
  473(1880); 
  Frey, 
  " 
  Lep. 
  der 
  Schweiz," 
  p. 
  432 
  (1880); 
  Snell., 
  "De 
  Vlind.,' 
  1 
  

   ii., 
  pt. 
  2, 
  p. 
  1057 
  (1882) 
  ; 
  Teich, 
  " 
  Stett. 
  Ent. 
  Ztg.," 
  xlv., 
  p. 
  214 
  (1884) 
  ; 
  Sorhgn., 
  

   " 
  Kleinschmett. 
  Brandbg.," 
  p. 
  9 
  (1886); 
  Cambr., 
  "Ent.," 
  \x.. 
  p. 
  326 
  ^ 
  ISST) 
  ; 
  

   Tutt, 
  "Young 
  Nat.," 
  x., 
  p. 
  166 
  (18S9) 
  ; 
  South, 
  "Ent.." 
  xxii., 
  p. 
  36 
  (1889); 
  

   Tutt, 
  " 
  Brit. 
  Nat.," 
  i., 
  p. 
  253(1891) 
  ; 
  " 
  Tter. 
  Brit.," 
  p. 
  78 
  (1895); 
  Mow.. 
  •• 
  Trans.' 
  

   Ent. 
  Soc. 
  London," 
  p. 
  485 
  (1890); 
  "Handbook," 
  etc., 
  p. 
  431 
  (1895); 
  Hofmn., 
  

   "Deutsch. 
  Pter.," 
  p. 
  122 
  (1895) 
  ; 
  Stand, 
  and 
  Reb., 
  " 
  Cat.," 
  3rd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  70 
  (1901) 
  ; 
  

  

  