﻿BUCKLERIA 
  PALUDUM. 
  503 
  

  

  are 
  deflexed 
  down 
  it 
  ; 
  these 
  he 
  carefully 
  examined 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  his 
  

   way, 
  even 
  moving 
  quite 
  to 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  his 
  proper 
  track 
  ; 
  his 
  method 
  

   looked 
  as 
  if 
  he 
  contemplated 
  climbing 
  up 
  them. 
  The 
  largest 
  are 
  about 
  

   three 
  times 
  his 
  length 
  (2mm.), 
  but 
  actually, 
  when 
  he 
  reached 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  

   he 
  could 
  without 
  removing 
  more 
  than 
  one 
  pair 
  of 
  prolegs 
  from 
  the 
  

   leaf, 
  he 
  withdrew, 
  and 
  continued 
  his 
  march. 
  At 
  length 
  he 
  got 
  nearer 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  leaf, 
  and 
  found 
  that 
  his 
  reaching-up 
  process 
  brought 
  

   him 
  to 
  the 
  glandular 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  hair. 
  This, 
  the 
  red 
  knob 
  and 
  trans- 
  

   parent 
  gum, 
  is 
  thicker 
  than, 
  and 
  in 
  bulk 
  nearly 
  one-third 
  that 
  of, 
  the 
  

   larva. 
  I 
  watched 
  him 
  demolish 
  one 
  of 
  these, 
  which 
  he 
  did 
  rather 
  

   quickly, 
  and 
  make 
  considerable 
  inroads 
  on 
  another. 
  The 
  gum, 
  which 
  

   is 
  thick 
  and 
  glairy, 
  and 
  draws 
  out 
  into 
  threads, 
  was 
  eaten 
  ; 
  he 
  got 
  his 
  

   legs 
  into 
  it, 
  and 
  ate 
  the 
  stuff 
  off 
  his 
  legs, 
  and 
  also 
  ate 
  up 
  the 
  portion 
  

   drawn 
  out 
  between 
  them 
  ; 
  he 
  did 
  not, 
  however, 
  appear 
  to 
  completely 
  clean 
  

   his 
  legs, 
  yet, 
  shortly 
  after, 
  they 
  were 
  certainly 
  quite 
  clean, 
  and 
  the 
  gum 
  

   was 
  removed 
  ; 
  though 
  he 
  worked 
  at 
  one 
  side 
  only, 
  it 
  disappeared 
  also 
  

   from 
  the 
  other. 
  Possibly 
  the 
  elasticity 
  of 
  the 
  gluey 
  stuff 
  pulled 
  it 
  off, 
  

   but 
  I 
  was 
  certainly 
  puzzled 
  to 
  know 
  how 
  several 
  legs 
  got 
  quite 
  clean 
  in 
  

   some 
  mysterious 
  way. 
  He 
  ate 
  up 
  the 
  red 
  knob 
  of 
  a 
  size 
  about 
  

   equal 
  to 
  his 
  own 
  head. 
  He 
  left 
  the 
  green 
  gland-stem. 
  In 
  attacking 
  

   the 
  second 
  gland, 
  he 
  appeared 
  to 
  get 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  his 
  head 
  into 
  

   the 
  gum, 
  and 
  drew 
  it 
  out, 
  showing 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  his 
  head, 
  and 
  his 
  legs, 
  

   to 
  be 
  involved 
  in 
  it. 
  He 
  ate 
  away, 
  however, 
  quite 
  unconcernedly, 
  and, 
  

   though 
  again 
  I 
  saw 
  no 
  definite 
  cleaning 
  process, 
  he 
  was 
  apparently 
  

   quite 
  clean 
  immediately 
  afterwards. 
  The 
  gum 
  stuck 
  to 
  his 
  head 
  and 
  

   legs 
  in 
  such 
  a 
  way 
  as 
  to 
  make 
  it 
  difficult 
  to 
  suppose 
  they 
  got 
  clean 
  

   because 
  it 
  did 
  not 
  stick 
  to 
  them, 
  nor 
  did 
  it 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  wiped 
  off 
  

   against 
  the 
  plant. 
  Up 
  to 
  full-growth 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  skin, 
  the 
  food 
  of 
  

   the 
  larva 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  entirely 
  the 
  red 
  glands 
  and 
  their 
  secretion. 
  

   July 
  l&th: 
  Visited 
  B. 
  pallidum 
  in 
  its 
  habitat, 
  and 
  observed 
  three 
  larva?, 
  

   two 
  laid 
  up 
  for 
  second 
  moult, 
  and 
  one 
  for 
  a 
  third. 
  July 
  lQth: 
  The 
  

   larva? 
  fed 
  up 
  in 
  confinement 
  have 
  been 
  paler 
  than 
  the 
  captured 
  ones 
  

   of 
  the 
  first 
  brood, 
  and 
  also 
  than 
  those 
  taken 
  two 
  days 
  ago. 
  These 
  

   pale 
  larvae 
  are 
  green, 
  with 
  no 
  red, 
  except 
  on 
  the 
  dorsal 
  tubercle, 
  as 
  in 
  

   the 
  ordinary 
  newly-changed 
  pupa, 
  and 
  a 
  pupa 
  is 
  without 
  any 
  trace 
  of 
  

   red 
  whatever. 
  These 
  green 
  larvse 
  show 
  very 
  well 
  the 
  greenish-yellow 
  

   subdorsal 
  lines 
  (just 
  dorsal 
  to 
  the 
  tubercle 
  i 
  and 
  ii), 
  and 
  also 
  the 
  

   slightly 
  oblique 
  one 
  below 
  them. 
  The 
  larva?, 
  when 
  small, 
  were 
  given 
  

   to 
  wandering, 
  if 
  the 
  plant 
  was 
  not 
  strong 
  and 
  healthy 
  enough 
  to 
  

   surround 
  the 
  red 
  glands 
  with 
  plenty 
  of 
  fluid 
  gum, 
  these 
  glands, 
  and 
  

   the 
  gum, 
  being 
  their 
  favourite 
  (and 
  only) 
  food, 
  unlike 
  the 
  winter 
  brood 
  

   which 
  eats 
  the 
  central 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  plant. 
  Later, 
  the 
  larvae 
  would 
  

   eat 
  anything, 
  being 
  fond 
  of 
  the 
  flower-buds 
  and 
  flower- 
  stems, 
  and 
  

   eating 
  nearly 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  leaf. 
  When 
  nearly 
  fullfed, 
  if 
  the 
  plant 
  

   was 
  a 
  small 
  one 
  and 
  the 
  leaves 
  well 
  demolished, 
  the 
  larvae 
  would 
  eat 
  

   portions 
  of 
  the 
  petioles, 
  and 
  finish 
  by 
  clearing 
  off 
  the 
  young 
  leaves 
  and 
  

   central 
  bud 
  of 
  the 
  plant. 
  One 
  or 
  two 
  young 
  larv» 
  appear 
  to 
  jerk 
  the 
  

   frass 
  away, 
  but, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  the 
  frass 
  remains 
  where 
  excreted. 
  The 
  young 
  

   larva? 
  thus 
  leave 
  minute 
  red 
  dots, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  in 
  rows 
  or 
  groups, 
  m 
  

   some 
  degree 
  replacing 
  the 
  devoured 
  glands 
  in 
  the 
  colour-seheme 
  of 
  the 
  

   leaf. 
  In 
  its 
  later 
  stage, 
  a 
  larva 
  would 
  sometimes 
  eat 
  a 
  large 
  quantity 
  

   without 
  moving 
  ; 
  this 
  especially 
  happens 
  when 
  it 
  takes 
  to 
  the 
  middle 
  

   of 
  the 
  plant, 
  and 
  can 
  reach 
  much 
  food 
  without 
  moving, 
  a 
  pile 
  of 
  green- 
  

  

  