﻿BUCKLERIA. 
  PALUDUM. 
  507 
  

  

  edgewise, 
  may 
  be 
  easily 
  mistaken 
  for 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  which 
  one 
  is 
  in 
  search. 
  

   This 
  is 
  assisted 
  by 
  the 
  lower 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  being 
  green, 
  separated 
  

   from 
  the 
  upper 
  red 
  surface 
  by 
  a 
  yellow 
  line, 
  sometimes 
  not 
  very 
  

   conspicuous 
  in 
  tint, 
  but 
  in 
  some 
  very 
  bright 
  ; 
  it 
  occupies 
  the 
  lateral 
  

   prominence 
  (upper 
  portion 
  of 
  lateral 
  flange) 
  which 
  carries 
  tubercles 
  v 
  

   and 
  iv. 
  Below 
  this 
  is 
  a 
  second 
  flange-like 
  projection 
  carrying 
  vi 
  (a 
  

   single 
  hair 
  directed 
  forwards), 
  which 
  is 
  marked 
  off, 
  above 
  and 
  below, 
  by 
  

   a 
  rather 
  deep 
  sulcus, 
  and 
  which 
  bends 
  downwards 
  in 
  front, 
  upwards 
  

   behind. 
  There 
  are 
  two 
  paler 
  dorsal 
  lines 
  just 
  within 
  the 
  dorsal 
  

   tubercles, 
  rather 
  curved 
  outwards 
  at 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  each 
  segment 
  ; 
  the 
  

   space 
  between 
  them 
  is 
  a 
  rather 
  greener 
  pink 
  than 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  

   dorsum, 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  dorsal 
  vessel 
  showing 
  somewhat. 
  There 
  are 
  other 
  

   pale 
  marblings, 
  especially 
  a 
  tendency 
  to 
  a 
  line 
  through 
  i 
  and 
  ii. 
  This, 
  

   however, 
  is 
  much 
  interfered 
  with 
  by 
  the 
  large 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  combined 
  

   base 
  of 
  these 
  tubercles, 
  almost 
  entitled 
  to 
  be 
  called 
  a 
  hump, 
  which 
  is 
  

   of 
  a 
  dark 
  dense 
  red 
  that 
  extends 
  a 
  little 
  beyond, 
  especially 
  behind, 
  the 
  

   hump. 
  This 
  red, 
  which, 
  at 
  that 
  stage, 
  becomes 
  a 
  brighter 
  pink, 
  

   persists 
  when 
  the 
  larva 
  is 
  laid 
  up 
  for 
  pupation, 
  when 
  all 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  

   larva 
  has 
  become 
  green. 
  The 
  lateral 
  yellow 
  line 
  is 
  abdominal 
  only, 
  

   the 
  same 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  thorax 
  is 
  pink. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  pale 
  (yellow) 
  spot 
  

   in 
  front 
  of 
  iii, 
  and, 
  below, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  pink 
  shade 
  in 
  the 
  green 
  (yellow 
  ?) 
  

   under-surface, 
  above, 
  behind, 
  and 
  below 
  vi, 
  which 
  stands 
  out 
  on 
  a 
  

   yellow 
  eminence, 
  as 
  does 
  also 
  the 
  eminence 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  hairs 
  at 
  base 
  

   of 
  prolegs. 
  The 
  larva, 
  at 
  rest, 
  is 
  about 
  1-lmm. 
  thick, 
  whilst 
  the 
  dorsal 
  

   hairs 
  (ii) 
  are 
  about 
  l*6mm. 
  long 
  ; 
  legs 
  nearly 
  colourless; 
  pale 
  (colour- 
  

   less) 
  prolegs, 
  tall, 
  slender, 
  with 
  bulbous 
  ends 
  ; 
  hooks, 
  wanting 
  on 
  outer 
  

   aspect, 
  seven 
  or 
  eight 
  in 
  number, 
  nine 
  on 
  claspers 
  (Chapman). 
  

   Quiescent 
  stage 
  'preceding 
  pupation 
  (June 
  5th, 
  1905) 
  : 
  The 
  larva 
  has 
  the 
  

   depressed 
  dark-coloured 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  scutellum. 
  The 
  spiracles 
  are 
  

   very 
  low 
  for 
  a 
  plume 
  larva, 
  almost 
  flush 
  with 
  skin-surface 
  ; 
  they 
  are 
  

   narrowly 
  rimmed 
  with 
  black. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  fine 
  coat 
  of 
  spicules 
  on 
  the 
  

   skin, 
  but 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  scattered 
  secondary 
  hairs, 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  small 
  

   additional 
  hairs 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  wart-like 
  groups 
  into 
  which 
  the 
  

   primaries 
  have 
  evolved. 
  Tubercles 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  form 
  a 
  conjoined 
  wart 
  on 
  all 
  

   segments 
  from 
  mesothoracic 
  to 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  ; 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  accessory 
  

   (supernumerary) 
  groups 
  behind 
  these 
  on 
  meso- 
  and 
  metathorax, 
  as 
  is 
  

   usual 
  in 
  the 
  species 
  that 
  develop 
  warts, 
  neither 
  are 
  there 
  any 
  behind 
  the 
  

   spiracular 
  tubercles. 
  The 
  hairs 
  are 
  noticeably 
  knobbed 
  at 
  tip. 
  Judging 
  

   by 
  the 
  silk 
  threads 
  spun 
  about 
  among 
  the 
  hairs, 
  it 
  seems 
  questionable 
  

   if 
  this 
  larva 
  would 
  not 
  attempt 
  some 
  sort 
  of 
  silk-spinning 
  before 
  

   pupation, 
  and 
  form 
  a 
  slight, 
  at 
  any 
  rate 
  theoretical, 
  cocoon 
  (Bacot). 
  

   Summer 
  larva: 
  — 
  First 
  instar 
  (July 
  7th, 
  1905) 
  : 
  Bather 
  over 
  lmm. 
  

   long, 
  whitish-green, 
  almost 
  transparent. 
  Head 
  black, 
  thoracic 
  plate 
  

   dark, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  bases 
  of 
  tubercles 
  and 
  anal 
  plate. 
  Each 
  tubercle 
  has 
  a 
  

   distinct 
  plate, 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  mere 
  hair-base. 
  Tubercles 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  are 
  on 
  a 
  

   common 
  base, 
  as 
  are 
  also 
  iv 
  and 
  v 
  ; 
  the 
  hairs 
  are 
  black. 
  The 
  thoracic 
  

   plate 
  has 
  three 
  hairs 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  length 
  in 
  front 
  ; 
  central 
  of 
  back 
  series 
  

   very 
  long, 
  other 
  two 
  short. 
  [Single 
  hair 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  spiracle. 
  On 
  

   the 
  2nd 
  and 
  3rd 
  thoracic 
  segments 
  aro 
  the 
  usual 
  four 
  pairs 
  of 
  tubercles 
  

   on 
  each 
  side, 
  each 
  pair 
  on 
  a 
  single 
  plate, 
  and 
  the 
  third 
  pair 
  apparently 
  

   possesses 
  a 
  third 
  hair 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  plate. 
  The 
  head 
  has 
  a 
  very 
  long- 
  

   hair 
  on 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  cranium. 
  The 
  long 
  

   hairs 
  on 
  the 
  head, 
  and 
  the 
  1st 
  and 
  2nd 
  thoracic 
  segments, 
  about 
  

  

  