﻿BUCKLERIA 
  PALUDUM. 
  509 
  

  

  is 
  one 
  that 
  was 
  probably 
  never 
  before 
  suspected 
  to 
  support 
  a 
  lepidopterous 
  

   larva, 
  and 
  was 
  therefore 
  never 
  searched, 
  except 
  by 
  Bankes, 
  for 
  that 
  of 
  

   this 
  species. 
  The 
  prevailing 
  idea 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  plant 
  devours 
  insects, 
  and 
  

   though 
  this 
  is 
  undoubted, 
  it 
  now 
  appears 
  that 
  to 
  assume 
  that 
  insects 
  

   would 
  not, 
  and 
  could 
  not, 
  also 
  eat 
  it, 
  is 
  to 
  fall 
  into 
  a 
  plausible, 
  

   but 
  false, 
  method 
  of 
  reasoning. 
  Nevertheless, 
  it 
  comes 
  as 
  somewhat 
  

   of 
  a 
  surprise 
  to 
  find 
  that 
  a 
  lepidopterous 
  larva, 
  without 
  any 
  special 
  

   means 
  of 
  protection, 
  but 
  simply 
  acting 
  in 
  the 
  ordinary 
  larval 
  manner, 
  

   attacks 
  it 
  with 
  entire 
  impunity. 
  No 
  doubt 
  it 
  avoids 
  walking 
  over,, 
  

   and 
  especially 
  resting 
  upon, 
  the 
  gluey 
  glands, 
  but 
  it 
  does 
  this, 
  

   apparently, 
  merely 
  because 
  it 
  has 
  no 
  need 
  to 
  do 
  so, 
  and 
  the 
  glands 
  

   with 
  their 
  secretion 
  are 
  certainly 
  favourite 
  items 
  of 
  its 
  food, 
  

   especially 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  small 
  (Chapman). 
  

  

  Pupation. 
  — 
  Fullfed 
  larvae 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Esher 
  district, 
  May 
  31st, 
  

   1905. 
  The 
  following 
  day, 
  June 
  1st, 
  several 
  fixed 
  themselves 
  for 
  

   pupation, 
  one 
  on 
  the 
  underside 
  of 
  a 
  Drosera 
  leaf, 
  another 
  on 
  a 
  thread 
  

   of 
  heath-stem. 
  On 
  June 
  2nd, 
  several 
  more 
  fixed 
  themselves 
  up 
  ; 
  one 
  

   pupated 
  this 
  afternoon. 
  By 
  June 
  3rd, 
  7 
  a.m., 
  two 
  are 
  now 
  in 
  pupa. 
  

   The 
  rapidity 
  with 
  which 
  they 
  finish 
  feeding 
  is 
  apparently 
  great. 
  The 
  

   temperature 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  day 
  or 
  two 
  has 
  been 
  about 
  70°F. 
  On 
  June 
  

   15th, 
  the 
  last 
  larva 
  pupated 
  (Chapman). 
  Of 
  four 
  larvae, 
  taken 
  by 
  

   Mr. 
  South 
  on 
  May 
  31st, 
  he 
  remarks 
  that 
  one 
  was 
  suspended 
  when 
  he 
  

   found 
  it 
  "head 
  downwards 
  from 
  its 
  anal 
  attachment 
  to 
  a 
  slender 
  twig 
  

   of 
  heather. 
  Another 
  was 
  on 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  crown 
  of 
  its 
  foodplant; 
  

   neither 
  of 
  them 
  changed 
  its 
  position, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  now 
  pupse 
  in 
  the 
  exact 
  

   places 
  they 
  occupied 
  as 
  larvae, 
  when 
  I 
  came 
  across 
  them. 
  A 
  third 
  larva 
  

   had 
  pupated 
  on 
  a 
  heather-twig, 
  and 
  the 
  fourth 
  had 
  pupated 
  on 
  the 
  

   flat 
  rim 
  of 
  a 
  fern-pan, 
  in 
  which 
  I 
  set 
  the 
  foodplants. 
  A 
  curious 
  fact 
  

   in 
  connection 
  with 
  this 
  last 
  larva 
  is 
  that, 
  although 
  I 
  had 
  twice 
  

   removed 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  rim 
  of 
  the 
  pan, 
  it 
  succeeded 
  in 
  getting 
  its 
  own 
  

   way, 
  and 
  became 
  a 
  pupa 
  on 
  the 
  spot 
  it 
  had 
  fixed 
  upon, 
  and 
  there 
  it 
  

   now 
  remains." 
  The 
  larva 
  seeks, 
  for 
  pupation, 
  a 
  bit 
  of 
  slender, 
  upright, 
  

   stem, 
  the 
  ideal 
  position, 
  possibly, 
  being 
  the 
  dead 
  stem 
  of 
  last 
  year's 
  

   flowers 
  ; 
  a 
  slender 
  bit 
  of 
  heath 
  will 
  serve 
  ; 
  one 
  of 
  mine 
  pupated 
  on 
  the 
  

   underside 
  of 
  a 
  leaf 
  of 
  Drosera, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  South 
  met 
  with 
  one 
  that 
  

   pupated 
  across 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  foodplant. 
  But 
  a 
  bit 
  of 
  dead 
  grass- 
  

   like 
  stem 
  is 
  what 
  the 
  larva 
  prefers 
  ; 
  no 
  fewer 
  than 
  three 
  selected 
  the 
  

   only 
  piece 
  of 
  this 
  material 
  in 
  one 
  of 
  my 
  tins, 
  and 
  a 
  fourth 
  fixed 
  itself 
  

   at 
  its 
  base, 
  being 
  crowded 
  oft* 
  by 
  the 
  previous 
  tenants. 
  Of 
  six 
  in 
  this 
  

   tin, 
  the 
  two 
  others 
  selected 
  slender 
  stems 
  of 
  heath. 
  The 
  larva 
  will 
  

   take 
  a 
  horizontal 
  position, 
  and 
  does 
  not 
  much 
  mind 
  which 
  side 
  is 
  up, 
  

   but 
  appears 
  to 
  prefer 
  one 
  with 
  dorsum 
  upwards. 
  When 
  it 
  obtains 
  its 
  

   pupal 
  position 
  on 
  a 
  vertical 
  stem, 
  it 
  always 
  fixes 
  itself 
  head 
  downwards 
  

   (Chapman). 
  

  

  Pupa. 
  — 
  The 
  change 
  before 
  pupation 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  colour 
  is 
  very 
  

   marked, 
  the 
  whole 
  larva 
  becoming 
  green, 
  except 
  the 
  hump 
  of 
  i 
  and 
  ii, 
  

   which 
  assumes 
  a 
  conspicuous 
  dark 
  rosy-pink. 
  For 
  some 
  time 
  after 
  

   pupation 
  the 
  pupa 
  has 
  the 
  same 
  coloration, 
  the 
  pink 
  eminence 
  being 
  

   very 
  conspicuous, 
  and 
  ornamental, 
  on 
  the 
  green 
  pupa; 
  gradually, 
  however, 
  

   the 
  colours 
  change, 
  the 
  pink 
  fades, 
  and 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  pupa, 
  remaining 
  

   green, 
  acquires 
  an 
  overshading 
  of 
  faint 
  ruddy 
  brown, 
  disposed, 
  roughly 
  

   speaking, 
  in 
  longitudinal 
  bands; 
  in 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  the 
  tubercles 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  

   still 
  present 
  a 
  slightly 
  darker 
  shade, 
  but 
  in 
  only 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  cases 
  at 
  

  

  