﻿512 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  4th, 
  very 
  short, 
  5th, 
  stump, 
  6th, 
  wanting, 
  or 
  some 
  such 
  formula 
  

   (Chapman). 
  

  

  Time 
  of 
  appearance. 
  — 
  The 
  species 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  double-brooded 
  

   throughout 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  its 
  range. 
  In 
  Britain 
  it 
  occurs 
  in 
  June 
  

   and 
  August, 
  each 
  brood 
  remaining 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  from 
  two 
  to 
  three 
  

   weeks. 
  Cambridge 
  says 
  that, 
  in 
  Dorset, 
  the 
  first 
  brood 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  

   second 
  week 
  of 
  June, 
  the 
  second, 
  and 
  main, 
  brood, 
  from 
  the 
  beginning 
  

   to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  August. 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  and 
  beginning 
  of 
  June, 
  

   1869, 
  at 
  Zurich 
  (Frey) 
  ; 
  a 
  fine 
  specimen 
  captured, 
  August 
  11th, 
  1903, 
  

   in 
  a 
  marsh 
  at 
  Ottignies 
  (Crombrugghe). 
  In 
  Germany, 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  

   generations, 
  the 
  first 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  and 
  beginning 
  of 
  June, 
  the 
  

   second 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  beginning 
  of 
  August 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  reported 
  in 
  

   June, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  August, 
  near 
  Wiesbaden 
  (Bossier) 
  ; 
  in 
  May, 
  and 
  

   again 
  in 
  August, 
  near 
  Constance 
  and 
  Ueberlingen 
  (Meess 
  and 
  Spuler); 
  

   it 
  is 
  also 
  recorded, 
  without 
  any 
  suggestion 
  of 
  double-broodedness 
  — 
  in 
  

   July, 
  near 
  Stettin 
  ; 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  July, 
  near 
  Friedland 
  (Stange) 
  ; 
  

   in 
  July, 
  near 
  Parchim 
  (Gillmer); 
  in 
  August, 
  near 
  Bahrenf 
  eld 
  (Sauber); 
  

   in 
  June 
  and 
  July, 
  in 
  Hanover 
  (Glitz) 
  ; 
  June 
  and 
  July, 
  near 
  Berlin 
  

   (Pfiitzner); 
  end 
  of 
  July, 
  near 
  Frankfort-on-Oder 
  (Zeller) 
  ; 
  and 
  

   mid- 
  June 
  on 
  into 
  July, 
  in 
  Silesia 
  (Wocke). 
  In 
  Spain, 
  in 
  May, 
  

   at 
  Barcelona 
  (Cuni 
  y 
  Martorell). 
  The 
  following 
  dates 
  have 
  been 
  

   recorded 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  : 
  June 
  20th, 
  1857, 
  near 
  Crewe 
  (Thompson) 
  ; 
  

   June 
  10th, 
  1865, 
  at 
  Woolmer 
  Forest 
  (Barrett) 
  ; 
  August 
  23rd- 
  

   September 
  4th, 
  1886, 
  at 
  Wareham 
  (Cambridge) 
  ; 
  August 
  23rd, 
  1886, 
  

   in 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  Purbeck 
  (Digby) 
  ; 
  August 
  30th-31st, 
  1886, 
  at 
  Wareham 
  

   (Bankes); 
  June 
  14th-16th, 
  1887; 
  again 
  August 
  4th-27th, 
  1887, 
  at 
  

   Wareham 
  (Cambridge) 
  ; 
  August 
  5th-llth, 
  1887, 
  in 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  Purbeck 
  

   (Bankes) 
  ; 
  August 
  13th, 
  1889, 
  near 
  Lyndhurst 
  (Holland) 
  ; 
  August 
  

   29th, 
  1889, 
  at 
  Wareham 
  (Cambridge) 
  ; 
  August 
  18th, 
  1890, 
  in 
  the 
  

   Isle 
  of 
  Purbeck 
  (Bankes) 
  ; 
  July 
  18th, 
  1891, 
  on 
  Thorne 
  Moor 
  (Porritt); 
  

   June 
  4th, 
  1895, 
  and 
  following 
  days, 
  and 
  again 
  August 
  4th-5th, 
  1896, 
  

   abundant 
  at 
  W 
  T 
  areham 
  (Cambridge); 
  August, 
  1904, 
  at 
  Claygate 
  (South); 
  

   August 
  20th-23rd, 
  1904, 
  at 
  Wareham 
  ; 
  August 
  24th-29th, 
  1904, 
  in 
  the 
  

   Isle 
  of 
  Purbeck 
  ; 
  June 
  24th, 
  1905, 
  at 
  Wareham 
  ; 
  June 
  28th- 
  July 
  8th, 
  

   1905, 
  in 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  Purbeck 
  (Bankes); 
  bred 
  June 
  15th, 
  1905, 
  from 
  

   larvae 
  collected 
  in 
  the 
  Esher 
  district 
  (South) 
  ; 
  bred 
  June 
  18th-29th, 
  

   1905, 
  from 
  larva? 
  collected 
  in 
  the 
  Esher 
  district 
  (Chapman) 
  ; 
  July 
  

   4th-5th, 
  1906, 
  in 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  Purbeck 
  (Bankes). 
  

  

  Habits. 
  — 
  South 
  notes 
  that, 
  on 
  July 
  25th, 
  1905, 
  he 
  watched 
  an 
  

   imago 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  emerge 
  about 
  12 
  o'clock 
  (noon). 
  " 
  When 
  first 
  

   seen, 
  about 
  half 
  the 
  insect 
  was 
  free 
  from 
  the 
  pupa, 
  which 
  was 
  attached 
  

   to 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  a 
  tumbler 
  ; 
  it 
  then 
  remained 
  perfectly 
  still, 
  except 
  for 
  a 
  

   slight, 
  gliding, 
  forward 
  motion 
  which 
  continued 
  for 
  about 
  three 
  minutes, 
  

   by 
  which 
  time 
  only 
  three 
  segments 
  remained 
  in 
  the 
  pupal 
  case 
  ; 
  then 
  

   all 
  movement 
  ceased 
  for 
  a 
  few 
  seconds, 
  when, 
  with 
  a 
  sudden 
  jerk, 
  the 
  

   insect 
  shot 
  forward 
  and 
  downward, 
  alighting 
  on 
  the 
  glass 
  about 
  two 
  

   inches 
  from 
  the 
  pupa. 
  All 
  the 
  time 
  it 
  was 
  under 
  observation, 
  the 
  

   antennas 
  and 
  first 
  pair 
  of 
  legs 
  were 
  free, 
  but 
  perfectly 
  still." 
  Chapman 
  

   adds 
  that 
  " 
  this 
  describes 
  very 
  well 
  the 
  habit, 
  of 
  this 
  and 
  some 
  other 
  

   plumes 
  I 
  have 
  observed, 
  of 
  resting 
  during 
  emergence, 
  and 
  of 
  a 
  good 
  

   deal 
  of 
  wing- 
  expansion 
  taking 
  place 
  during 
  the 
  process, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  

   almost 
  looks 
  as 
  if 
  the 
  wing 
  was 
  extended 
  by 
  the 
  process 
  of 
  drawing 
  it 
  

   out 
  of 
  the 
  pupa-case." 
  Barrett 
  says 
  that 
  "the 
  moth 
  hides 
  during 
  the 
  

   day 
  among 
  the 
  low 
  T 
  -growing 
  herbage 
  — 
  stunted 
  heather, 
  bog-asphodel, 
  

  

  