﻿ADKINIA 
  GRAPHODACTYLA. 
  

  

  525 
  

  

  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  shoot 
  for 
  16mm., 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  lower 
  end 
  was 
  a 
  larva, 
  

   head 
  downwards, 
  and 
  possibly 
  continuing 
  the 
  burrow 
  ; 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  

   doing 
  so> 
  but 
  had 
  taken 
  up 
  its 
  winter-quarters, 
  might 
  be 
  concluded 
  

   from 
  the 
  way 
  in 
  which 
  its 
  cavity 
  was 
  rounded 
  out 
  at 
  both 
  ends, 
  no 
  

   silk, 
  however, 
  being 
  found, 
  and 
  especially 
  by 
  some 
  little 
  discoloration 
  

   at 
  the 
  head-end, 
  of 
  a 
  brownish 
  tint 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  

   of 
  the 
  burrow, 
  and 
  suggesting 
  that 
  it 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  touched 
  by 
  eating, 
  

   or 
  otherwise, 
  for 
  an 
  appreciable 
  time. 
  Apart 
  from 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  

   burrow, 
  the 
  shoot 
  seemed 
  healthy 
  and 
  uninjured, 
  and 
  one 
  would 
  have 
  

   expected 
  it 
  to 
  shoot 
  up 
  next 
  spring 
  about 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  if 
  nothing 
  had 
  

   happened 
  to 
  it." 
  Later 
  (November 
  19th) 
  he 
  writes: 
  "I 
  have 
  examined 
  

   ten 
  more 
  plants 
  of 
  Gentiana 
  pneumonanthe, 
  sent 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Gillmer, 
  and 
  found 
  

   six 
  larva). 
  Of 
  these 
  one 
  was 
  in 
  a 
  rather 
  older 
  shoot, 
  i.e., 
  about 
  three 
  

   inches 
  long, 
  with 
  some 
  leaves 
  at 
  the 
  top, 
  rather 
  a 
  slender 
  shoot, 
  but 
  it 
  

   had 
  bored 
  a 
  considerable 
  burrow, 
  about 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  on 
  one 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  shoot, 
  and 
  nearly 
  as 
  much 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  (if 
  both 
  done 
  by 
  

   the 
  same 
  larva). 
  This 
  larva 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  instar. 
  The 
  other 
  five 
  

   were 
  all 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  instar, 
  and 
  were 
  all 
  in 
  central 
  shoots 
  without 
  

   leaves, 
  and 
  very 
  little 
  green 
  at 
  the 
  top. 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  two 
  of 
  these, 
  

   a 
  neighbouring 
  older, 
  but 
  still 
  small 
  and 
  young, 
  shoot, 
  contained 
  an 
  

   empty 
  burrow. 
  This 
  seems 
  to 
  imply 
  that 
  the 
  young 
  larva, 
  if 
  the 
  

   shoot 
  it 
  begins 
  with 
  during 
  its 
  first 
  instar 
  is 
  at 
  all 
  old, 
  i.e., 
  has 
  leaves 
  

   at 
  the 
  top, 
  quits 
  it 
  and 
  enters 
  a 
  younger, 
  more 
  central, 
  shoot. 
  All 
  

   the 
  shoots 
  with 
  these 
  larva3 
  in 
  them 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  mark 
  of 
  

   entry, 
  in 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  cases 
  this 
  seemed 
  too 
  large 
  and 
  recent 
  to 
  have 
  

   been 
  made 
  by 
  a 
  newly-hatched 
  larva, 
  but 
  since 
  such 
  mark 
  alters 
  in 
  

   size, 
  etc., 
  as 
  the 
  plant 
  grows, 
  this 
  must 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  

   rather 
  vague 
  opinion. 
  A 
  stronger 
  point 
  is 
  that 
  these 
  mines 
  were 
  

   shorter, 
  but 
  wider, 
  than 
  the 
  empty 
  ones 
  in 
  the 
  older 
  shoots, 
  and 
  

   seemed 
  all 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  by 
  a 
  second 
  instar 
  larva. 
  The 
  plant 
  

   appears 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  perennial 
  root, 
  and 
  has 
  the 
  bases 
  of 
  the 
  

   stems 
  of 
  the 
  season 
  of 
  various 
  sizes, 
  a 
  good 
  many 
  quite 
  young, 
  with 
  

   leaves 
  at 
  the 
  top, 
  five 
  or 
  six 
  inches 
  (possibly 
  snoots 
  sent 
  up 
  after 
  

   autumn 
  mowing'?). 
  All 
  the 
  shoots 
  seem 
  to 
  come 
  from 
  a 
  central 
  head, 
  

   of 
  which 
  a 
  root 
  may 
  have 
  more 
  than 
  one, 
  and, 
  up 
  to 
  nearly 
  an 
  inch 
  

   long, 
  or 
  rarely 
  more, 
  each 
  shoot 
  is 
  within 
  a 
  sheath, 
  and 
  the 
  younger 
  

   shoots, 
  each 
  in 
  its 
  own 
  sheath, 
  are 
  included 
  with 
  it. 
  In 
  one 
  case, 
  the 
  

   larva 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  a 
  shoot 
  still 
  within 
  its 
  sheath, 
  and 
  it 
  had 
  not 
  

   only 
  penetrated 
  this 
  sheath 
  to 
  reach 
  the 
  shoot, 
  but 
  also 
  the 
  sheath 
  

   exterior 
  to 
  this 
  proper 
  one, 
  i.e., 
  the 
  sheath 
  of 
  the 
  next 
  older 
  shoot. 
  

   I 
  suspected 
  it 
  of 
  having 
  penetrated 
  a 
  still 
  exterior 
  sheath, 
  being 
  so 
  far 
  

   down 
  in 
  the 
  heart 
  of 
  the 
  plant, 
  but 
  I 
  had 
  already 
  damaged 
  the 
  plant 
  

   too 
  much 
  to 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  settle 
  this 
  point 
  " 
  (in 
  lift.). 
  So 
  much 
  for 
  the 
  

   autumn 
  and 
  winter 
  larva) 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  brood. 
  Of 
  the 
  larva 
  1 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  

   brood 
  Hering 
  observes 
  (Stett. 
  Knt. 
  Ztg., 
  1893, 
  pp. 
  117-120) 
  that, 
  near 
  

   Finkenkrug, 
  on 
  July 
  15th, 
  1893, 
  heexamined 
  carefully 
  the 
  flowers 
  of 
  ( 
  h 
  >i- 
  

   tiana 
  pneumonanthe, 
  and 
  "soon 
  found 
  four 
  amongst 
  them, 
  which 
  differed 
  

   from 
  the 
  sound 
  ones 
  by 
  a 
  slight 
  spotted 
  appearance 
  : 
  on 
  opening 
  the 
  

   closed 
  blooms, 
  they 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  contain 
  several 
  small 
  light 
  -green 
  

   larvae, 
  which 
  had 
  eaten 
  away 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  fruits, 
  ami 
  were 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  deeply 
  hidden 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  stem 
  ; 
  their 
  presence 
  was 
  

   betrayed 
  by 
  the 
  frass. 
  Another 
  caterpillar, 
  a 
  very 
  young 
  one. 
  must 
  

   have 
  been 
  hidden 
  in 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  blooms 
  taken 
  home 
  as 
  food. 
  During 
  

  

  