﻿ADKINIA 
  GKAPHODACTYLA. 
  527 
  

  

  as 
  August 
  11th, 
  1905, 
  and 
  that, 
  probably, 
  also, 
  there 
  is 
  an 
  early 
  brood 
  of 
  

   larvae 
  which 
  are 
  fullgrown 
  in 
  May. 
  Gillmer 
  observes 
  (in 
  Hit.) 
  that 
  

   he 
  obtained 
  larvae 
  in 
  abundance 
  on 
  the 
  Wornitz 
  (Mosigkauer 
  Haide), 
  

   in 
  Anhalt 
  ; 
  he 
  collected 
  the 
  flower-heads, 
  leaves, 
  and 
  stems 
  of 
  Gentiana 
  

   pneumonanthe 
  on 
  July 
  14th, 
  1906, 
  for 
  eggs 
  of 
  Lycaena 
  alcon, 
  which 
  

   were 
  abundant 
  thereon 
  ; 
  the 
  larvae 
  were 
  quite 
  hidden 
  in 
  the 
  flowers 
  

   which 
  they 
  perforated, 
  leaving 
  the 
  flowers, 
  when 
  fullfed, 
  over 
  the 
  period 
  

   from 
  July 
  16th 
  until 
  early 
  August. 
  Wheeler 
  found 
  larvae 
  towards 
  the 
  

   end 
  of 
  August, 
  1902, 
  at 
  Bouveret, 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  flowers 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   plant, 
  usually, 
  though 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  exclusively, 
  inside 
  them. 
  In 
  Hanover, 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  flowers 
  of 
  Gentiana 
  pneumonanthe 
  in 
  

   July 
  (Glitz), 
  similarly 
  in 
  Silesia 
  (Wocke), 
  whilst 
  Sorhagen 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found, 
  in 
  Brandenburg, 
  in 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  May, 
  and 
  

   again 
  in 
  July, 
  in 
  the 
  flowers 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  seed-capsules 
  of 
  Gentiana 
  

   verna* 
  G. 
  lutea, 
  and 
  G. 
  pneumonanthe. 
  Kaltenbach 
  appears 
  simply 
  

   to 
  copy 
  Frey, 
  for 
  he 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  plagiodactylus 
  (= 
  pneu- 
  

   monanthe*) 
  feed 
  upon 
  Gentiana 
  asclepiadea 
  in 
  May 
  and 
  June, 
  the 
  larva 
  

   drawing 
  together 
  the 
  summit-leaves 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  into 
  a 
  considerable 
  

   bunch, 
  with 
  silken 
  threads, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  plants 
  affected 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   easily 
  catch 
  the 
  eye. 
  Hartmann, 
  Steudel 
  and 
  Hofmann, 
  and 
  other 
  

   authors 
  also, 
  only 
  copy 
  this 
  statement. 
  

  

  Larva 
  (pnemnonanthes). 
  — 
  First 
  instai* 
  : 
  The 
  first 
  stage 
  larva 
  is 
  

   l'7mm. 
  to 
  2-3mm. 
  long, 
  according 
  to 
  extension; 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  nearly 
  

   black 
  ; 
  the 
  thoracic 
  plate 
  and 
  anal 
  plate 
  conspicuously 
  dark 
  ; 
  the 
  rest 
  

   of 
  the 
  larva, 
  including 
  the 
  hairs, 
  spiracles, 
  etc., 
  is 
  white 
  or 
  transpar- 
  

   ently 
  colourless 
  ; 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  tubercles, 
  however, 
  show 
  a 
  dark 
  point. 
  

   There 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  very 
  short 
  hairs 
  on 
  the 
  head. 
  The 
  prothoracic 
  plate 
  

   has 
  three 
  hairs 
  (on 
  each 
  side) 
  in 
  front, 
  the 
  middle 
  the 
  shortest, 
  a 
  large 
  

   central 
  one 
  in 
  back 
  row, 
  inner 
  one 
  small 
  and 
  well 
  forward 
  ; 
  one 
  at 
  

   outer 
  posterior 
  angle 
  wanting 
  or 
  too 
  small 
  to 
  be 
  detected 
  ; 
  three 
  hairs 
  

   on 
  prespiracular, 
  lower 
  one 
  very 
  long 
  (0.12mm.), 
  posterior 
  one 
  quite 
  

   minute 
  (0.01mm. 
  or 
  less); 
  on 
  meso- 
  and 
  metathorax 
  four 
  pairs 
  of 
  hairs, 
  

   the 
  second 
  of 
  first 
  pair 
  0*18mm. 
  long, 
  first 
  0*8mm. 
  ; 
  of 
  second 
  pair, 
  first 
  

   nearly 
  0*2mm., 
  second 
  0-Olmm. 
  ; 
  of 
  the 
  third, 
  first 
  0-lmm., 
  second 
  

   O-03mm. 
  ; 
  lower 
  pair 
  0'5mm. 
  On 
  the 
  abdomen 
  the 
  hair 
  on 
  tubercle 
  i 
  is 
  

   rather 
  stouter 
  than 
  that 
  on 
  ii, 
  but 
  those 
  of 
  i, 
  ii, 
  and 
  iii, 
  all 
  about 
  

   0-lmm. 
  long; 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  widely 
  apart, 
  iv 
  and 
  v 
  level, 
  very 
  close 
  together, 
  

   the 
  posterior 
  about 
  0-lmm., 
  the 
  front 
  one 
  about 
  0-3mm. 
  long; 
  there 
  

   are 
  two 
  very 
  long 
  hairs 
  on 
  the 
  9th 
  abdominal 
  (ii 
  and 
  v?), 
  and 
  

   another 
  on 
  the 
  anal 
  plate 
  (0-16mm.), 
  there 
  are 
  six 
  or 
  seven 
  altogether 
  

   on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  anal 
  plate; 
  no 
  hair 
  representing 
  tubercle 
  vi 
  is 
  

   present, 
  and 
  I 
  cannot 
  discover 
  vii. 
  Prolegs 
  on 
  cylindrical 
  props 
  about 
  

   0-05mm. 
  high 
  and 
  with 
  four 
  hooks, 
  claspers 
  seven. 
  The 
  skin-surface 
  is 
  

   generally 
  quite 
  smooth, 
  but, 
  over 
  the 
  lateral 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  prot 
  borax, 
  

   and 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  meso- 
  and 
  metathorax, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  sparse 
  coating 
  

   of 
  very 
  fine 
  sharp 
  spicules 
  ; 
  these 
  recur 
  again 
  in 
  the 
  anal 
  region 
  ; 
  here 
  

   and 
  there 
  in 
  the 
  intermediate 
  region 
  near 
  the 
  spiracles 
  are 
  some 
  

   skin-points 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  small 
  transparent 
  nodules 
  (November 
  

   19th, 
  1906). 
  Second 
  instar 
  (hybernating 
  stage) 
  : 
  The 
  little 
  larva 
  

  

  * 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  Eoodplant 
  of 
  S. 
  coprodactylua 
  (teste 
  Frey, 
  Lep. 
  der 
  So) 
  

   p. 
  430) 
  ; 
  probably, 
  therefore, 
  it 
  was 
  copied 
  Erom 
  Freyer 
  (Neuere 
  Beitrage, 
  vii., 
  pp. 
  

  

  175-0). 
  

  

  