﻿ADKINIA 
  GKAPHODACTYLA. 
  529 
  

  

  ings 
  ; 
  eyes 
  black. 
  The 
  whole 
  body 
  is 
  covered 
  with 
  very 
  short 
  black 
  

   bristles, 
  these 
  being, 
  however, 
  so 
  small, 
  as 
  only 
  to 
  be 
  observable 
  with 
  a 
  

   lens. 
  Besides 
  these 
  short 
  bristles, 
  which 
  clothe 
  the 
  body, 
  each 
  tubercle 
  

   is 
  defined 
  by 
  a 
  long 
  brown 
  hair, 
  which 
  is 
  generally 
  curved 
  back- 
  

   wards. 
  The 
  spiracles 
  are 
  brown 
  and 
  somewhat 
  prominent. 
  There 
  are 
  

   slight 
  indications 
  of 
  two 
  dorsal 
  and 
  lateral 
  stripes 
  ; 
  they 
  are, 
  however, 
  

   very 
  faint, 
  slightly 
  paler 
  than 
  the 
  ground-colour, 
  and 
  broken 
  up 
  at 
  each 
  

   segmental 
  division 
  (Dadd, 
  July 
  20th, 
  1906). 
  The 
  fullgrown 
  larva 
  

   10mm. 
  long, 
  green; 
  head 
  yellowish, 
  mouth-parts 
  red; 
  four 
  points 
  

   inconspicuously 
  marked 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  segment, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  two 
  median 
  

   are 
  almost 
  obliterated 
  ; 
  dorsal 
  vessel 
  inconspicuous 
  ; 
  stigmata 
  black 
  ; 
  

   two 
  lateral 
  whitish 
  streaks 
  on 
  each 
  segment; 
  valve 
  yellowish; 
  sub- 
  

   dorsal 
  whitish 
  ; 
  hairs 
  on 
  back 
  whitish, 
  on 
  sides 
  black 
  (Crombrugghe 
  

   de 
  Picquendaele). 
  ' 
  [Bluish-green 
  in 
  colour, 
  with 
  a 
  dark 
  dorsal 
  line, 
  

   whilst 
  three 
  white 
  lines 
  run 
  below 
  each 
  other 
  along 
  the 
  sides. 
  Head 
  

   paler 
  with 
  darker 
  reddish 
  dots. 
  The 
  dorsal 
  area 
  is 
  pale 
  red, 
  and 
  con- 
  

   spicuously 
  cut 
  by 
  a 
  darker 
  red 
  dorsal 
  line 
  in 
  some 
  examples, 
  while 
  at 
  

   the 
  side, 
  centrally, 
  a 
  red 
  line 
  sometimes 
  replaces 
  a 
  white 
  one. 
  The 
  

   tiny 
  larvae 
  are 
  completely 
  and 
  thickly 
  covered 
  with 
  fine 
  hairs 
  (Freyer, 
  

   from 
  larvae 
  found 
  in 
  early 
  May, 
  1857, 
  near 
  Augsburg, 
  on 
  Gentiana 
  

   verna).~\ 
  

  

  Pupation. 
  — 
  Larvae 
  found 
  at 
  Finkenkrug 
  were 
  fullfed 
  on 
  July 
  19th, 
  

   1898, 
  when 
  they 
  surrounded 
  themselves 
  with 
  a 
  silken 
  web, 
  attached 
  

   partly 
  to 
  the 
  box 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  confined, 
  and 
  partly 
  to 
  the 
  leaves 
  ; 
  

   in 
  this 
  web 
  the 
  larvae 
  pupated, 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  lasting 
  ten 
  days. 
  One 
  

   larva 
  was 
  observed 
  about 
  11 
  a.m., 
  and, 
  whilst 
  being 
  examined 
  under 
  a 
  

   lens, 
  movements 
  of 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  towards 
  the 
  anal 
  segment 
  

   took 
  place 
  frequently; 
  at 
  4 
  p.m. 
  it 
  hung 
  from 
  the 
  silk 
  web, 
  and 
  already 
  

   showed, 
  by 
  the 
  complete 
  contraction 
  of 
  the 
  body, 
  the 
  pupal 
  form 
  

   within, 
  in 
  particular, 
  the 
  more 
  pointed 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  the 
  

   bent 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  head, 
  the 
  bulging 
  pro- 
  and 
  mesothorax, 
  and 
  the 
  

   more 
  conspicuous 
  dorsal 
  vessel. 
  The 
  true 
  legs 
  reached 
  forward 
  as 
  a 
  

   support. 
  The 
  supporting 
  pad 
  of 
  silk 
  was 
  most 
  dense 
  at 
  the 
  anal 
  

   attachment. 
  The 
  larva 
  remained 
  in 
  this 
  position 
  till 
  late 
  at 
  night 
  on 
  the 
  

   second 
  day, 
  but, 
  by 
  the 
  morning, 
  metamorphosis 
  had 
  taken 
  place, 
  and 
  

   a 
  light 
  yellow-green 
  pupa 
  was 
  there, 
  which, 
  however, 
  changed 
  colour 
  

   before 
  night. 
  During 
  metamorphosis 
  the 
  larva 
  had 
  curved 
  itself 
  so 
  

   that 
  the 
  pupal 
  dorsum 
  had 
  been 
  turned 
  towards 
  the 
  glass 
  (on 
  which 
  

   the 
  silken 
  pad 
  of 
  the 
  one 
  examined 
  was 
  spun) 
  instead 
  of 
  the 
  venter, 
  

   but 
  this 
  was 
  only 
  temporary, 
  for, 
  later, 
  it 
  was 
  observed 
  that 
  the 
  pupa 
  

   was 
  in 
  its 
  normal 
  position, 
  and 
  so 
  remained 
  until 
  emergence 
  took 
  place 
  

   (Hering). 
  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  suspended 
  by 
  the 
  anus, 
  and 
  further, 
  by 
  some 
  

   bristles 
  on 
  the 
  under 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  segment. 
  These 
  latter 
  

   ensure 
  the 
  pupa 
  a 
  rigid 
  position, 
  so 
  that, 
  even 
  if 
  turned 
  upside 
  down, 
  

   the 
  pupae 
  remain 
  erect. 
  In 
  one 
  case, 
  where 
  I 
  forcibly 
  dislodged 
  these 
  

   bristles 
  from 
  their 
  hold, 
  the 
  pupa 
  always 
  hung 
  head 
  downwards 
  (Dadd). 
  

   Gillmer 
  says 
  [in 
  lift.): 
  "The 
  larvae 
  leave 
  the 
  flowers 
  of 
  Gentiana 
  pneu- 
  

   monanthe 
  'when 
  fullfed, 
  and 
  spin 
  up 
  on 
  the 
  leaves, 
  stems 
  of 
  plants, 
  or 
  

   the 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  breeding-cage 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  may 
  bo 
  kept, 
  suspending 
  

   themselves 
  vertically. 
  The 
  Larvae 
  are 
  green 
  when 
  fullfed. 
  and 
  the 
  pupa 
  

   also 
  is 
  at 
  first 
  green, 
  with 
  a 
  purple-bordered 
  wing-case 
  ; 
  the 
  pupa, 
  

   however, 
  gradually 
  darkens 
  as 
  it 
  matures, 
  the 
  colour 
  becoming 
  more 
  

   and 
  more 
  reddish; 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  lasts 
  about 
  fourteen 
  days. 
  Mathow 
  

  

  