﻿530 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  observes 
  that 
  the 
  larvae 
  he 
  obtained 
  at 
  Wimborne 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  large 
  

   glass-topped 
  box 
  with 
  some 
  flowers 
  of 
  gentian, 
  into 
  which 
  they 
  crawled, 
  

   but, 
  in 
  a 
  day 
  or 
  two, 
  they 
  came 
  out. 
  spun 
  pads 
  of 
  silk 
  on 
  the 
  glass, 
  

   and, 
  in 
  about 
  forty-eight 
  hours, 
  changed 
  to 
  pupae, 
  hanging 
  head 
  down- 
  

   wards. 
  Chapman 
  says 
  that 
  " 
  the 
  larvae 
  leave 
  the 
  flowers 
  for 
  pupation, 
  

   but 
  do 
  not 
  travel 
  far, 
  no 
  doubt 
  naturally 
  fixing 
  themselves 
  on 
  the 
  

   stems 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  on 
  which 
  they 
  have 
  fed, 
  probably 
  like 
  A. 
  zopho- 
  

   dactylus 
  in 
  an 
  inverted 
  position 
  quite 
  near 
  the 
  flowers 
  (this 
  can, 
  of 
  

   course, 
  as 
  with 
  A. 
  zophodactylus, 
  apply 
  only 
  to 
  examples 
  of 
  the 
  

   summer 
  brood) 
  ; 
  nearly 
  all 
  my 
  specimens 
  are 
  on 
  bits 
  of 
  round 
  stem, 
  

   as 
  the 
  other 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  so 
  frequently 
  are, 
  and 
  those 
  of 
  A. 
  

   zophodactylus 
  are 
  so 
  commonly 
  in 
  this 
  position, 
  that 
  we 
  may 
  call 
  it 
  

   almost 
  the 
  invariable 
  rule 
  in 
  that 
  species." 
  [Freyer 
  says 
  : 
  "When 
  

   fullfed 
  the 
  larva 
  leaves 
  its 
  hiding-place 
  and 
  takes 
  up 
  a 
  position 
  either 
  

   on 
  the 
  stem 
  of 
  the 
  foodplant, 
  or 
  on 
  the 
  stem 
  of 
  some 
  other 
  plant 
  near, 
  

   or 
  on 
  something 
  on 
  the 
  ground, 
  or 
  a 
  culm 
  of 
  grass, 
  and 
  on 
  this 
  fastens 
  

   itself 
  by 
  the 
  middle 
  (?) 
  and 
  anus, 
  and 
  thus 
  pupates." 
  (This 
  refers 
  to 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  found 
  feeding 
  near 
  Augsburg 
  on 
  Gentiana 
  vema.)] 
  

  

  Foodplants. 
  — 
  Gentiana 
  lutea 
  (Freyer), 
  [G. 
  vema 
  (Freyer),] 
  

   G. 
  asdepiadea 
  (Frey, 
  Hofmann), 
  G. 
  pneumonanthe 
  (Zeller). 
  [Frey 
  

   notes 
  {hep. 
  der 
  Schweiz, 
  p. 
  430) 
  Gentiana 
  vema 
  as 
  the 
  foodplant 
  of 
  

   coprodactylus, 
  G. 
  asdepiadea 
  as 
  the 
  foodplant 
  of 
  plagiodactylus 
  (=pneu- 
  

   monanthes) 
  , 
  and 
  "gentians 
  " 
  generally 
  for 
  graphodactyla. 
  There 
  is 
  little 
  

   doubt 
  that 
  the 
  pi 
  agio 
  dactyl 
  us 
  and 
  graphodactylus 
  of 
  the 
  "Frey 
  coll." 
  are, 
  

   so 
  far 
  as 
  his 
  own 
  captures 
  are 
  concerned, 
  the 
  first 
  and 
  second 
  broods 
  of 
  

   the 
  latter 
  species. 
  Sorhagen 
  says 
  (Die 
  Kleinschmett. 
  Brandbg., 
  pp. 
  4-5) 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  feed 
  in 
  the 
  capsules 
  of 
  Gentiana 
  vema, 
  G. 
  lutea, 
  and 
  G. 
  

   pneumonanthe. 
  This 
  is 
  probably 
  obtained 
  from 
  Freyer, 
  who 
  recorded 
  

   graphodactyla 
  (teste 
  Treitschke) 
  from 
  G. 
  lutea 
  at 
  Bad 
  Kreith, 
  and 
  from 
  

   G. 
  vema 
  at 
  Deuringen, 
  near 
  Augsburg. 
  

  

  Pupa. 
  — 
  The 
  pupa 
  of 
  graphodactyla 
  exhibits, 
  in 
  its 
  form, 
  no 
  aberra- 
  

   tion 
  from 
  the 
  type 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  pale 
  yellowish-brown, 
  darker 
  

   on 
  the 
  wing-cases, 
  and 
  has, 
  on 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  several 
  dark 
  brown, 
  faint, 
  

   longitudinal 
  lines, 
  that 
  is, 
  one 
  in 
  the 
  mediodorsal 
  region, 
  two 
  on 
  each 
  

   side 
  above, 
  and 
  one, 
  very 
  broad 
  and 
  darker, 
  below 
  the 
  lateral 
  flange 
  

   (Hofmann). 
  [The 
  following 
  descriptions, 
  taken 
  from 
  a 
  dead 
  pupa 
  and 
  

   an 
  empty 
  case 
  of 
  A. 
  var. 
  pneumonanthes 
  from 
  Mr. 
  Mathew, 
  are, 
  therefore, 
  

   from 
  authentic 
  English 
  material, 
  but 
  might, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  can 
  tell, 
  have 
  

   been 
  as 
  satisfactorily 
  made 
  from 
  A. 
  graphodactyla 
  or 
  from 
  English 
  

   A. 
  zophodactylus.'] 
  The 
  empty 
  pupal 
  shell 
  is 
  about 
  11mm. 
  long, 
  the 
  

   dead 
  pupa 
  about 
  8* 
  5mm. 
  ; 
  the 
  latter 
  is, 
  however, 
  obviously 
  one 
  that 
  was 
  

   a 
  starveling, 
  and 
  the 
  moth 
  probably 
  died 
  inside 
  it, 
  instead 
  of 
  emerging, 
  

   for 
  some 
  such 
  reason. 
  It 
  is 
  cylindrical, 
  i.e., 
  not 
  flattened 
  in 
  any 
  way 
  ; 
  

   a 
  transverse 
  section 
  of, 
  say, 
  the 
  5th 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  would 
  be 
  a 
  

   circle. 
  It 
  is 
  also 
  very 
  smooth, 
  no 
  hump, 
  spines, 
  or 
  hairs 
  (without 
  

   considerable 
  magnification) 
  being 
  present. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  definite 
  beak, 
  the 
  

   ventral 
  line 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  free 
  appendages 
  being 
  quite 
  straight, 
  

   and 
  meeting 
  the 
  equally 
  straight 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  at 
  its 
  

   point. 
  This 
  front 
  line 
  is 
  only 
  straight 
  if 
  taken 
  in 
  profile, 
  the 
  anterior 
  

   ends 
  of 
  the 
  dorsal 
  flanges 
  then 
  filling 
  up 
  what 
  is 
  really 
  a 
  curve 
  over 
  

   the 
  thoracic 
  dorsum 
  if 
  the 
  actual 
  middle 
  line 
  be 
  followed 
  ; 
  the 
  beak, 
  

   when 
  magnified 
  under 
  a 
  hand 
  lens, 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  really 
  rounded, 
  with 
  

   no 
  sharp 
  point 
  as 
  in 
  pupae 
  that 
  have 
  to 
  break 
  open 
  a 
  cocoon, 
  etc. 
  (as 
  

  

  