﻿ADKINIA 
  GRAPHODACTYLA. 
  

  

  533 
  

  

  attach 
  themselves 
  to 
  the 
  silk 
  spun 
  by 
  the 
  larva 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  

   leaf 
  (Dadd). 
  [Abdomen 
  slender, 
  ending 
  in 
  a 
  sharp 
  point 
  ; 
  along 
  the 
  

   edge 
  of 
  the 
  wing 
  it 
  is 
  dark 
  green, 
  with 
  darker 
  streaks 
  ; 
  the 
  abdomen 
  

   light 
  green 
  or 
  yellowish, 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  markings 
  of 
  the 
  larvse 
  are 
  visible 
  ; 
  

   these 
  markings 
  and 
  streaks 
  are, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  red-brown 
  (Freyer, 
  from 
  

   pupa? 
  obtained 
  in 
  early 
  May, 
  1857, 
  near 
  Augsburg, 
  on 
  Gentiana 
  verna).'\ 
  

  

  Variation 
  of 
  pupa. 
  — 
  In 
  colour 
  the 
  pupa 
  is 
  dimorphic, 
  the 
  colour 
  

   apparently 
  being 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  attached, 
  

   though 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  invariably 
  the 
  case, 
  those 
  attached 
  to 
  leaves 
  being 
  

   mostly 
  green, 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  stalks 
  and 
  petals 
  purplish-brown, 
  and 
  

   even 
  almost 
  blue-purple 
  on 
  the 
  flower-heads. 
  The 
  green 
  pupa? 
  

   have 
  always 
  a 
  red 
  spot 
  on 
  the 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  thorax, 
  and 
  many 
  are 
  more 
  

   or 
  less 
  mottled 
  with 
  reddish-brown 
  spots 
  (Dadd). 
  The 
  pupa 
  in 
  itself 
  

   appears 
  not 
  only 
  individually 
  to 
  be 
  coloured 
  very 
  variably, 
  but 
  it 
  like- 
  

   wise 
  changes 
  its 
  colour 
  daily, 
  so 
  that 
  at 
  the 
  outset 
  it 
  is 
  lighter 
  and 
  

   variegated, 
  but 
  gradually 
  becomes 
  unicolorous 
  and 
  darker 
  on 
  the 
  back, 
  

   on 
  the 
  whole 
  dark 
  violet-brown, 
  on 
  the 
  ventral 
  side 
  and 
  the 
  wing- 
  

   covers 
  more 
  of 
  a 
  pure 
  dark 
  brown 
  i.e., 
  sepia 
  colour. 
  In 
  its 
  shape 
  it 
  

   comes 
  nearest 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  S. 
  pelidnodactyla 
  and 
  serotina 
  (Hering). 
  

  

  Comparison 
  of 
  pup^e 
  of 
  Adkinia 
  graphodactyla, 
  pneumonanthes, 
  

  

  ZOPHODACTYLUS, 
  BIPUNCTIDACTYLA, 
  AND 
  StENOPTILIA 
  PTERODACTYLA. 
  The 
  

  

  pupae 
  of 
  A. 
  graphodactyla 
  and 
  pneumonanthes 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  absolutely 
  

   identical. 
  The 
  difficulty 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  sure 
  of 
  any 
  grounds 
  for 
  not 
  adding 
  

   that 
  they 
  are 
  identical 
  also 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  A. 
  zophodactylus. 
  The 
  com- 
  

   parison 
  is 
  made 
  with 
  empty 
  pupa-cases, 
  which 
  are 
  much 
  more 
  satisfactory 
  

   for 
  the 
  purpose 
  in 
  nearly 
  all 
  respects, 
  except 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  

   living 
  pupa, 
  nor 
  can 
  I 
  discover 
  any 
  difference 
  between 
  them 
  and 
  that 
  

   of 
  A. 
  coprodactylus. 
  I 
  have 
  many 
  pupa-cases 
  of 
  A. 
  zophodactylus, 
  but 
  only 
  

   about 
  a 
  dozen 
  of 
  graphodactyla 
  and 
  pneumonanthes 
  together. 
  This 
  is 
  

   probably 
  the 
  reason 
  that 
  I 
  find 
  no 
  pupa 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  with 
  any 
  colouring, 
  

   whilst 
  a 
  few 
  of 
  A. 
  zophodactylus 
  have 
  a 
  broad 
  band 
  of 
  brownish 
  tinting 
  

   on 
  each 
  side 
  above 
  the 
  spiracles 
  ; 
  the 
  others, 
  however, 
  are 
  like 
  A. 
  

   graphodactyla. 
  After 
  examining 
  the 
  pupse 
  for 
  a 
  very 
  long 
  time, 
  the 
  

   only 
  differences 
  I 
  can 
  find 
  are 
  very 
  minute 
  ones, 
  in 
  the 
  lengths 
  of 
  the 
  

   hairs, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  closeness 
  together 
  of 
  tubercles 
  i 
  and 
  ii. 
  The 
  pupa? 
  of 
  

   Stenoptilia 
  pterodactyla 
  (fuscus) 
  and 
  Adkinia 
  bipunctidactyla 
  differ 
  more 
  

   conspicuously 
  in 
  the 
  lengths 
  of 
  the 
  hairs. 
  The 
  hairs 
  are 
  definitely 
  whiter, 
  

   and 
  the 
  tubercles 
  closer 
  together, 
  in 
  pneumonanthes 
  than 
  in 
  zophodactylus. 
  

   The 
  hairs 
  are, 
  perhaps, 
  also 
  a 
  little 
  more 
  curved. 
  The 
  following 
  

   comparative 
  table 
  gives 
  some 
  details 
  : 
  

  

  Species. 
  

  

  Length 
  of 
  hairs 
  on 
  eye- 
  

   covers. 
  

  

  Width 
  

   On 
  tubercles 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  apart 
  oi 
  i 
  

   on 
  4th 
  abdominal. 
  AND 
  II 
  ON 
  

   4TH 
  AH. 
  si 
  BO, 
  

  

  A. 
  zophodactylus 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  • 
  045mm. 
  -0- 
  050mm. 
  

  

  0-050mm.-0-055mm. 
  0'14mm. 
  

  

  A. 
  v&v. 
  pneumonanthes 
  

  

  , 
  038mm.-0-040inin. 
  

  

  0-040mni.-0-04'2mm. 
  0'09mm. 
  

  

  A. 
  bipunctidactyla 
  

  

  0'10mm.-0'12mm, 
  

  

  0'15mm.-0-16mm. 
  012mm. 
  

  

  S. 
  pterodactyla 
  

  

  0-08mm.-0-0ihnin. 
  

  

  O-lOinm.-O-lGmm. 
  014mm. 
  

  

  It 
  seems 
  also 
  as 
  if 
  the 
  wing-tips 
  down 
  beside 
  the 
  free 
  appendages 
  

   were 
  wider 
  at 
  their 
  bases 
  in 
  A. 
  var, 
  pneumonanthes, 
  and 
  more 
  Blender 
  in 
  

  

  