﻿540 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  by 
  all 
  conceivable 
  intermediates 
  t. 
  A 
  $ 
  , 
  with 
  deep 
  wine-red 
  hindwings, 
  

   and 
  forewings 
  deeply 
  flushed 
  with 
  dark 
  red 
  above 
  and 
  beneath, 
  can 
  

   only 
  be 
  looked 
  upon 
  as 
  an 
  aberration. 
  The 
  2 
  of 
  casparii 
  has 
  the 
  

   antennae 
  more 
  strongly-pectinated 
  than 
  pavonia, 
  the 
  body 
  more 
  strongly- 
  

   tufted, 
  and 
  the 
  white 
  rings 
  broader. 
  The 
  discs 
  of 
  both 
  wings 
  mostly 
  

   show 
  a 
  strong 
  admixture 
  of 
  red 
  scales. 
  Many 
  5 
  s 
  had 
  no 
  eggs 
  ; 
  some 
  

   a 
  few 
  normal-looking 
  eggs, 
  and 
  others 
  many, 
  but 
  not 
  so 
  many 
  as 
  the 
  

   average 
  of 
  pavonia. 
  Though 
  one 
  might 
  not 
  have 
  supposed 
  it, 
  the 
  

   black 
  spini-like 
  larvae 
  yielded 
  all 
  the 
  forms, 
  even 
  those 
  most 
  closely 
  

   approaching 
  pavonia. 
  The 
  hybrid 
  schaufussi 
  ( 
  = 
  bornemanni 
  x 
  pavonia) 
  

   naturally 
  comes 
  closest 
  to 
  casparii, 
  but 
  $ 
  s 
  have 
  less 
  of 
  the 
  brown 
  

   ground 
  colour 
  of 
  pavonia 
  in 
  the 
  forewings, 
  the 
  $ 
  schaufussi 
  exhibiting 
  

   more 
  of 
  the 
  greyish-red 
  of 
  bornemanni. 
  Eggs 
  were 
  obtained 
  in 
  1905 
  

   by 
  Caspari, 
  who 
  shared 
  them 
  with 
  Frings 
  ; 
  62 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  

   hatched, 
  and 
  both 
  Caspari 
  and 
  Frings 
  reared 
  imagines. 
  Larva. 
  — 
  

   First 
  instar 
  : 
  The 
  black 
  larvae 
  not 
  separable 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  S. 
  pavonia. 
  

   Second 
  instar: 
  Black, 
  shiny 
  (inherited 
  from 
  spini), 
  about 
  two-thirds 
  

   with 
  the 
  reddish-yellow 
  lateral 
  stripe 
  of 
  pavonia, 
  the 
  rest 
  quite 
  black. 
  

   Third 
  instar: 
  The 
  majority 
  unaltered; 
  a 
  few 
  exhibit 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  pale 
  

   yellow 
  spots 
  above 
  the 
  reddish-yellow 
  stripe 
  ; 
  the 
  lateral 
  stripe 
  often 
  

   quite 
  absent 
  ; 
  several 
  with 
  the 
  fine 
  whitish-grey 
  hairs 
  of 
  spini. 
  

   Fourth 
  instar 
  : 
  Very 
  variable 
  ; 
  a 
  few 
  still 
  quite 
  black 
  ; 
  most 
  with 
  a 
  

   dark 
  or 
  pale 
  yellow 
  lateral 
  stripe 
  ; 
  many 
  with 
  green 
  spots 
  ; 
  in 
  some 
  

   the 
  green 
  was 
  so 
  abundant 
  as 
  to 
  make 
  them 
  inseparable 
  from 
  pavonia 
  

   in 
  the 
  same 
  stage. 
  Head 
  black, 
  marked 
  with 
  green. 
  Tubercles 
  shiny 
  

   black 
  (seldom 
  yellow 
  or 
  pink) 
  ; 
  hairs 
  often 
  whitish, 
  as 
  in 
  spini 
  ; 
  some 
  

   marked 
  laterally, 
  and 
  round 
  the 
  tubercles, 
  with 
  rusty-yellow. 
  Fifth 
  

   instar 
  : 
  Ground 
  colour 
  mostly 
  a 
  peculiar 
  dirty, 
  dark, 
  olive- 
  or 
  black- 
  

   green, 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  like 
  the 
  clear 
  green 
  of 
  pavonia, 
  which 
  occurred 
  in 
  a 
  

   single 
  individual 
  only. 
  This 
  dirty 
  green 
  was 
  sprinkled 
  with 
  irregular 
  

   spots 
  and 
  stripes 
  of 
  light 
  green. 
  However, 
  the 
  broad 
  black 
  saddles, 
  

   with 
  sulphur-yellow, 
  or 
  more 
  rarely 
  reddish, 
  tubercles, 
  resembled 
  

   those 
  of 
  pavonia 
  larvae. 
  Three-quarters 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  had 
  the 
  broad, 
  

   continuous, 
  black 
  dorsal 
  stripe 
  of 
  hybrida-minor 
  larva*, 
  and 
  usually 
  

   black 
  markings 
  about 
  the 
  spiracles 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  tubercles 
  above 
  the 
  

   spiracle. 
  These 
  were 
  occasionally 
  formed 
  into 
  a 
  broad, 
  black, 
  longi- 
  

   tudinal 
  stripe, 
  leaving 
  only 
  two 
  rows 
  of 
  green 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  dorsum. 
  A 
  

   few 
  had 
  these 
  stripes 
  so 
  extended 
  that 
  the 
  larvae 
  appeared 
  black, 
  but 
  

   even 
  then 
  the 
  saddles 
  were 
  visible 
  by 
  their 
  deeper 
  velvety 
  black. 
  

   These 
  last 
  were 
  either 
  black, 
  or 
  black-green, 
  beneath. 
  Anal 
  claspers 
  

   black 
  or 
  green, 
  but 
  ahvays 
  with 
  a 
  green 
  stripe. 
  Head 
  black 
  with 
  a 
  green 
  

   frontal 
  triangle, 
  or 
  green 
  with 
  black 
  marks. 
  Even 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  pavonia 
  

   type 
  had 
  traces 
  of 
  the 
  black 
  dorsal 
  stripe. 
  Two 
  only 
  were 
  without 
  a 
  

   trace, 
  so 
  that 
  they 
  only 
  differed 
  from 
  pavonia 
  larvae 
  in 
  the 
  dirty, 
  darker, 
  

   green 
  ground 
  colour. 
  Only 
  a 
  few 
  of 
  the 
  darker 
  specimens 
  were 
  glossy. 
  

   The 
  segmental 
  elevations 
  were 
  not 
  so 
  tall 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  spini, 
  agreeing 
  

   much 
  more 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  pavonia. 
  Asymmetry 
  of 
  the 
  markings 
  of 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  was 
  most 
  noticeable 
  ; 
  many 
  had 
  only 
  one 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  yellow. 
  

   It 
  is 
  very 
  striking 
  that 
  the 
  tendency 
  of 
  many 
  of 
  these 
  hybrid 
  larvae 
  is 
  

   far 
  stronger 
  towards 
  the 
  doubtless 
  phylogenetically 
  very 
  old 
  spini 
  form 
  

   than 
  towards 
  that 
  of 
  hybrida-minor 
  or 
  pavonia, 
  although 
  the 
  larvae 
  

  

  f 
  This 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  very 
  strong 
  statement 
  on 
  the 
  facts. 
  

   * 
  This 
  distinctly 
  suggests 
  that 
  Frings 
  knew 
  hybrida-minor 
  larva 
  [see 
  footnote 
  

   preceding 
  page 
  (p. 
  539)]. 
  

  

  