42 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



egeria, P. megaera, Enodia hyperanthus, Epinephele tithonus, etc., in their 

 respective localities. These are best obtained by sweeping, or searching 

 with a lantern by night. Larvae of Melanargia galatea, Hipparchia 

 semele, etc., can similarly be obtained in their known haunts. 



The larvae of Erebia aethiops may be collected in abundance at night, 

 with a lantern in the local haunts of this species. 



The hybernating larvae of Pararge egeria are to be obtained, in early 

 April, by the sides of the ridings and paths in woods, feeding on grass 

 (Dactylis glomerata) ; the most, forward spin up before the end of the 

 month, and the imagines usually appear in May. 



The larvae of Coenonympha typhon can be obtained on the moors, in 

 the early spring, on the beaked-rush (Rhynchospora alba) , on which they 

 slowly feed up, being fullfed in early June. 



The larva of Hipparchia semele should be swept for, in its known 

 habitats, in April and May, by night, when it comes up to feed ; it hides 

 by day, often beneath the surface of the ground. 



The young larvae of Polygonia c-album may be sleeved out on hop, 

 stinging-nettle or currant. They must, when they first leave the egg, 

 be fed on quite fresh young leaves, if they are to be reared successfully 

 in confinement. 



The young hybernating larva of Limenitis sibylla begins to move 

 in early April, moults almost at once, becomes reddish-brown in colour, 

 and spiny, feeds on the fresh bursting honeysuckle-buds, and, by the 

 middle of May, has usually assumed a miniature resemblance to the 

 adult larva. 



In the last week of April and early May, search for the larva of 

 Limenitis sibylla; it is then in its brown stage, and rests on the brown 

 stem of the honeysuckle just below the green shoot, generally low 

 down on the bush, in a sheltered position. Sometimes the larvae may 

 be found on the green leaves, where they are much more conspicuous 

 than on the stems. 



Young larvae of Limenitis sibylla, reared in confinement, should be fed 

 on young and tender shoots of Lonicera periclymenum. They nearly 

 always commence to feed at the top of a shoot, and eat their way down- 

 wards, being especially fond of the sun, and always eat greedily 

 when the sun is shining on them. 



The young larvae of Apatura iris may be beaten from sallows. The 

 lowest and most unpromising-looking bushes are often the most 

 productive, when working for this species (see Ent. Record, vi., pp. 

 146-147). 



In the spring, the larvae of Apatura iris feed up quickly ; they eat 

 at night, and rest in the daytime on the midrib of the upperside of a 

 leaf, the head turned towards the base of the leaf. One ought to be able 

 to find them by the leaf hanging down with the weight of the larva ; 

 otherwise they are almost undiscoverable. 



May. — The larvae of Thymelicus acteon are to be found in May and 

 June, on the sea-slopes from Swanage to Weymouth, feeding on the 

 leaves of Brachy podium pinnatum. In confinement, they will eat 

 Triticum repens and allied grasses. 



The presence of the larva of Thymelicus acteon is best told by the 

 wedge-shaped pieces which they eat out of the sides of the blades of 

 Brachypodium pinnatum. When such traces are observed, search for 



