COLLECTING BUTTERFLY LARVAE. 47 



still difficult to distinguish among the dense inflorescence of the 

 flower-head. 



In confinement the larvae of Cupido minima are fullfed before the 

 end of July ; they then take up a position as if for pupation, but 

 remain quite still and immovable until the following May, when 

 pupation takes place. 



In July, the little larvae of Polyommatus icarns make small, pale, 

 transparent blotches, on the leaflets of Lotus comiculatus, Omithopus 

 perpmillus, etc., the paleness being due to the eating away of the soft 

 part of the leaf, and leaving only the transparent skin. In late July 

 the now nearly fullfed larvae may be more easily found. 



When fullfed the larva of Argynnis aglaia will spin together several 

 of the large leaves of its foodplant into a hollow, tent-like enclosure, 

 and, in this, suspend itself before changing into a chrysalis, 



The larvae of Dryas paphia leave the egg towards the end of July, 

 the egg-stage only lasting about a fortnight, the larvae feeding very 

 little (or not at all) on Viola canina, before hybernation, being only 

 about 3mm. long in spring (March) when they commence to feed. 



The larvae of Pyrameis atalanta are to be found in July and August 

 in little chambers, formed by drawing together the leaves of Urtica 

 dioica and Parietaria officinalis ; they generally hang up and pupate 

 within these larval chambers. 



In July, the larvae of Pyrameis cardui fasten together the leaves of 

 Onopordon acanthium and other thistles, with a few tough silken 

 threads, eating out the thick fleshy parts of the enclosed leaves. They 

 generally hang up and pupate within these larval chambers. (Larvae 

 also feed on Echium vuh/are, Malva, etc.) 



The young larvae of Apatura iris are not difficult to rear in leno- 

 sleeves on a healthy sallow-bush ; the eggs are laid from about July 

 20th- August 10th, and the egg- stage lasts only about eight days. 



The young larvae of Melampias epiphron are not easy to rear in 

 confinement ; they feed on Air a praecox and A. caespitosa, growing to 

 the length of about Jin. before winter ; they then hybernate until the 

 end of February, when their food-plant should be attended to. 



The larvae of Coenonynrpha tiplion may be reared in confinement on 

 the beaked rush, Bhynchospora alba ; a plant of this should be care- 

 fully potted, and the young larvae may then be left without much 

 attention ; they go on feeding, as a rule, until the hybernating stage, 

 with little trouble, provided that care be taken not to allow the active 

 little fellows to escape. 



The larvae of Euchloe card amines are to be found, in July, on many 

 cruciferous plants, of which Hesperis matronalis, Sinapis arvensis, 

 Cardamine pratensu, Sisymbrium officinale , Alliaria officinalis, Turritis 

 glabra, and, in gardens, garden-rocket and horse-radish appear to be 

 the most frequently selected. 



The larvae from the eggs laid by the summer 2 s of Leptosia 

 sinapis will feed up on Vicia cracca or Orobus tuberosus, and are 

 generally fullfed in early September. 



In July, the young larvae of Papilio machaon may be searched for 

 with every prospect of success, the black larva, with its white saddle, 

 being very easily found when once the eye of the searcher is in. 

 Until then, it is most difficult to detect, although many may be on the 



