78 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



hour. In other cases, this period is a much longer one. Thus we 

 note that larvae of Enodia hyperanthus remain in the resting quiescent 

 stage preceding pupation fully a week (Ent. Rec, viii., p. 166), whilst 

 Buckler records that four days elapse, from the time that the larvae of 

 Pararge egeria lose their longitudinal lines and become pale in tint, 

 until pupation takes place. Larvae of Colias ednsa, spun up on 

 October 15th, 1877, did not pupate until October 22nd, and larvae of 

 Celastrina argiolus, fullfed on June 20th, changed colour at once, but 

 did not pupate until June 25th, whilst, in the autumn, a larva of this 

 species, fullfed on September 10th, fixed itself on September 13th, but 

 did not pupate until September 17th, the resting-period lasting in 

 this case fully a week. 



The resting-period of some other butterfly larvae, in the quiescent 

 stage preceding pupation, is really very remarkable, and may extend to 

 as much as five-sixths of the whole period of the individual life. 

 Others have a long period, without being, however, so excessive, e.g., 

 larvae of Hesperia malvae, fullfed at the end of August, lie nearly 

 quiescent for a period of about three weeks before the cocoon is 

 spun and pupation takes place (see antea p. 232), although Sich notes 

 that, once the cocoon is spun, pupation takes place in three days 

 {antea p. 240). The larvae of Nisoniades tages are fullfed at the end of 

 July, when they spin their cocoons, and, in this, which serves as a hyber- 

 naculum, lie quiescent all the winter and spring, pupating in April and 

 May. The larvae of Cyclopides palaemon, spin their cylindrical sheath- 

 like cocoons in mid- October, and, like the larvae of Niso?iiades tages, use 

 these for hybernacula, pupating therein the following March or 

 April. Most remarkable, however, is the larva of Cupido minima, 

 which, fullfed at the end of July, takes up a position where it is well 

 out of sight, and, practically without movement, remains in this place 

 until the end of May or commencement of June in the next year, 

 when pupation takes place after a larval resting-period of fully ten 

 months. 



It was intended to deal also with the larval resting-habits known 

 as aestivation and hybernation, but these must form the subject of 

 another chapter. 



