ADOPA.E. 93 



Lambill., "Pap. Belg.," p. 270 (1902). Papilio, Briinnich, "Pont. Danske 

 Atl.," i., p. 685 (1763); Scop., " Ent. Cam.," p. 181 (1763); Hufn., " Beii. 

 Mag.," ii., p. 62 (1766) ; Schifi., " Schmefct. Wien.," 1st ed., p. 160 (1775) ; Bott., 

 "Nat.," vi., p. 4; xx., p. 133, pi. ii., figs, a-b (1775) ; Mull., " Zool. Dan. Prod.," 

 p. 115(1776); Schneider, "Sys. Besch. Eur. Schmett.," p. 273 (1785); Geoff., 

 "Fourc. Ent. Par.," p. 246 (1785); Lewin, "Insects," etc., p. 94, pi. xlv., figs. 

 5-7 (1795) ; Hb., "Eur. Schrnett.," pi. xcvi., figs. 485, 486 (c?), 487 (?) (1802), 

 text, p. 72 (circ. 1805); Hb., "Larvae Lep.," i., Pap. II., Gens Ec, figs. 2a-b, 

 (circ. 1800); 111., "Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., ii., p. 146 (1801); Oehs., "Die 

 Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 288 (L808) ; Freyer, "Neu. Beitr.," vii., p. 55, pi. 631, fig. 1 

 (1842). [Papilio-] Urbicola, Bork., " Sys. Besch.," L, pp. 181, 285 (1788) ; ii, p. 

 236 (1789). [Papilio-Plebeius-] Urbicola, Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," i., pi. xxxvi. 

 (supp. xii.), figs. 2-3 (1777), pi. xcviii. (cont. lii.), figs. 5-10 (1785); Goeze, "Ent. Beit.," 

 ii., pt. 3, p. 114 (1780) ; Bergs., " Nomenclatur," etc., p. 38, pi. xc, figs. 5-8 (1780) ; 

 Barb., " Gen. Ins. Linn.," p. 173, in part, descr. (1781); Fab., "Mant.," ii., p. 84 

 (1787) ; Scriba, " Journal," iii., pp. 244-7 (1791) ; Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 51(1803). 

 [Hesperia-] Urbicola, Fab., "Ent, Sys.," hi., p. 326 (1793). Erynnis, Schrank, 

 "Faun. Boica," ii., pt. 1, p. 159 (1801). Hesperia, Latr., "Consid. Gen.," p. 208 

 (1810) ; Leach, " Edin. Encycl.," ix., p. 130 (1815) ; Ochs., " Die Schmett,," iv., p. 

 34(1816); Dalm., " Vet. Ak.Handl.,"iv., p. 34 (1816) ; Latr., "Enc.Meth.," p. 770 

 (1819); Sam., "Ent. Comp.," p. 242 (1819); Godt., "Hist. Nat.," i., p. 233, pi. 

 xii., fig. 3, pi. xii tert., fig. 2 (1821) ; Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 27 (1829) ; 

 Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," p. 69, pi. lvi., figs. 4a-d (1830); Bdv., "Icon. Chen.," 

 pi. 1, figs. 5-6 (1832); Treits., "Die Scbmett.," x., i, pp. 97, 248 (1834) ; Bdv., 

 " Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 35 (1840) ; Dup., " Cat. Meth.," p. 35 (1840) ; Evers., 

 " Faun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 87 (1844) ; H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," i., p. 159 (1846) ; Dup., 

 "Icon. Chen.," p. 212, pi. xxxi., fig. 89 (1849); Led., " Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.," 

 ii., p. 26 (1852); Speyer, " Geog. Verb.," i., p. 288 (1858); Hem., "Schmett. 

 Deutsch.," p. 117 (1859); Staud., "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 15 (1861); Wallgrn., 

 " Skand. Dagf.," p. 258 (1853) ; Snell., " De Vlind.," p. 87 (1867) ; Nolck., "Lep. 

 Fn. Estl.," p. 83 (1868); Newm., "Brit. Butts.," p. 174 (1869); Staud., 

 "Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 35 (1871); Mill., "Cat. Lep. Alpes-Mar.," p. 116 (1872); 

 Curo, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vi., p. 216 (1874) ; Frey, "Lep. Schweiz.," p. 54 

 (1880) ; Lang, "Butts. Eur.," p. 350, pi. 81, fig. 9 (1884) ; Kane, "Eur. Butts.," 

 p. 146 (1885); Dale, "Brit. Butts.," p. 215 (1890); Barr., "Lep. Brit. Isl.," 

 p. 275, pi. xxxviii., figs. 1-le (1893). Pamphila, Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," p. 759 

 (1815); Stephs., "111. Brit. Ent.," p. 101 (1828); "Sys. Cat.," p. 27 (1829); 

 Wood, " Ind.," p. 9, fig. 78 (1839) ; Humph, and Westd., "Brit. Butts.," p. 129, 

 pi. xii., figs. 8-12 (1841); Dbldy., " Syn. List," p. 2 (1850); Westd. and 

 Hewits.,"Gen. Lep.," p. 522(1852); Sta., "Man.," i., p. 68 (1857); Kirby, "Eur. 

 Butts.," p. 122 (1862) ; Stphs., " List," 1st ed., p. 22 (1850) ; 2nd ed., p. 21 (1856) ; 

 Butl., "Cat.Diurn.Lep.,"p. 277 (1869); Kirby, "Eur. Butts.," p. 66(1882) ; Buck., 

 "Larvae," etc., i., pp. 139, 195, pi. xvii., fig. 3 (1886) ; Meyr., " Handbk.," p. 358 

 (1895). Thymelicus, Hb., " Verz.," p. 113 (1816) ; Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 39, 

 pi. vii., fig. 14 (1889); Buhl, " Pal. Gross-Schmett.," pp. 638, 828 (1895); Tutt, 

 "Brit. Butts.," p. 139 (1896) ; Beutti, "Ent. Bee," x., p. 97 (1898) ; Wheeler, 

 " Butts. Switz.," p. 10 (]903). Thymelinus, Stphs., " 111.," iv., p. 405 (1834) ; 

 Kirby, " Syn. Cat.," pp. 609, 829 (1871). Heteropterus, Bamb., "Faun. And.," 

 p. 306 (1839) ; " Cat. Lep. And.," p. 87 (1858). 



The genus Adopaea (or Adopoea) was created in 1320 by Billberg 

 (Eniun. Ins., p. 81) for jiava (thaumas) and a MS. species, so that Jiava 

 was the undoubted type. It has since been described (Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 98) by Watson under this name, with fiava 

 {thaumas) as the type, as follows : — 



Antennae short, less than half the length of costa ; club elongate, straight or 

 slightly arcuate, tip blunt. Palpi : second joint clothed with laxly-set scales ; 

 third joint long, slender, suberect. Forewing : inner margin longer than outer 

 margin ; cell less than two-thirds the length of costa ; middle discocellular more 

 than twice as long as lower ; vein 5 from close to bottom cell ; vein 3 close to end 

 of cell ; vein 2 (in both sexes) slightly nearer to base of wing than to end of cell. 

 Hindwing : outer margin even, slightly excised at vein 2 ; vein 7 well before end 

 of ceU, only slightly nearer to 6 than to 8; discocellulars very faint, vein 5 not 

 traceable ; vein 3 immediately before end of cell ; vein 2 more than twice as far 



