ADOP^A LINEOLA. 99 



retreats backwards down the cylinder thus formed of the blade (Hawes). 

 Whittle found a larva at large at Canvey, on June 9th, 1897. 



Ontogeny of larva. — First instar : When newly-hatched, in general 

 shape, a miniature of the full-grown larva, thicker at the middle, and 

 tapering towards the head and anal segments ; colour, pale yellow ; head 

 and prothoracic plate black. Second instar : The head still black ; the 

 prothoracic plate decreasing in size ; the colour of the body rather 

 paler, and with an inclination towards the green of the later stages. 

 (?) Third instar : The prothoracic plate has disappeared ; the colour 

 yellowish -green, having a rather broad dorsal stripe of darker green, 

 which stripe is continued as a distinct brown mark over the head to 

 the mouth ; on each side of this brown mark the head is paler, being 

 of a faint brownish tint ; there are two thin subdorsal yellow stripes, 

 and a light line traverses each side just below the spiracles ; the 

 segmental divisions are yellow, and the belly and legs of a deeper 

 and clearer green. Fourth instar : The only difference noticeable is 

 the more pronounced colouring, especially of the head, where, besides 

 the central brown mark, two others, one on each side, are present. 

 This, with the body of a clearer green, gives the larva a more attractive 

 appearance than is usual among those of this family of butterflies. Fifth 

 instar : The only change noticeable is a still greater intensity of the 

 previous colour and markings ; head pale yellowish with three brown 

 lines (that of H. thaumas is of a whitish-green without lines) ; the 

 colouring of the body now closely resembling that of a grass blade, and 

 the brown striped head corresponding accurately with a withered tip 

 of the blade. In this, and also in the previous skin, two white scaly 

 excrescences are formed between the 4th and 5th (last) pair of prolegs, 

 which are thrown off with each change of skin and forms afresh, being 

 very noticeable in the fullgrown larva (Hawes). 



Larva. — Body yellowish-green, and (viewed with a lens) strewn 

 with black dots ; four dorsal yellow longitudinal stripes, and a similar 

 one above legs. Ventrally, on each of the two segments before the 

 last, a white spot. On the middle of the head, two longitudinal stripes, 

 bordered externally with brown. The white stigmata almost obsolete 

 [De Graaf, Herklot's Bouwstojfen, L, p. 187. Described from larva 

 found on sandy ground near Noordwijk, at the end of June, 1852.] 

 The body fairly broad, with very plainly indicated segments. The 

 ground-colour pale bluish-green. Dorsally, several longitudinal lines, 

 viz., a darker green mediodorsal line, on either side of this, first a 

 yellow, then a green, then again a yellow, which is bordered by an 

 extremely narrow, darker green, margin ; the three central lines 

 continued to the anus, but the two outer yellow lines ended at the last 

 incision. On the side, at the height of the oblong, black, white- 

 margined spiracles, is another yellow line, which first becomes really 

 distinct on the fourth segment. The whole body was, on the upper 

 surface, beset with short, rust-coloured hairs. The 2nd and 3rd 

 segments showed, in the middle, a conspicuous transverse fold (see figs. 

 1 and 2)." The head was globose, yellow-green, with two divergent 

 white lines, which, from the occiput, somewhat bent from below, 

 passed along the third eyelets. Between these lines was the rose-red 

 forehead, which colour also appeared as a narrow line between the 



* The 1st segment is the prothoracic. 



