104 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



and suck the honey greedily. At Mendel Pass the species was in 

 amazing profusion at the end of July, 1895, on thistle flowers, whilst 

 at Digne it is equally abundant at the end of June on flowers of 

 lavender. Even in the Essex and Kent marshes they prefer the 

 flowers, and Bower notes them as abundant under Cliffe Fort, in July, 

 1896, quarrelling for a place at the flowers growing there. In our 

 experience this is, next to Urbicola comma and Hesperia alveus, the 

 most abundant of all the skippers at the runnels of water on the 

 mountain-paths of the central Alps of Europe, remaining sucking at 

 the fluid for a very long time in the hot sun unless disturbed. At the 

 end of the afternoon the imagines settle down' to rest, their wings 

 raised in true butterfly fashion over their backs, on the flowers and 

 grass among which they have been flying during the day. James 

 says that the imagines are to be found commonly at rest on the grass 

 growing on the seawall of the Essex coast at the end of the afternoon. 

 It appears to vary in its abundance, in some years in its Piedmont and 

 Tuscan localities, as well as in Switzerland and southern France, it is 

 in amazing numbers even where it is nearly always abundant. 



British localities. — Bedford: Near Bedford (Hatton). Cambridge: Bur- 

 well Fen (Tutt), Wicken Fen (Rothschild). Essex: Common along the coast but 

 apparently not far inland — Leigh (Smith), Tilbury (Image), Mucking (Burrows), 

 Southend, Benfleet, Canvey, Westcliff, Hadleigh, Eastwood, Wakering, Thunders- 

 ley, North Fambridge, Shoeburyness, Childerditch (Whittle), Dovercourt district, 

 Harwich (Mathew), Brightlingsea (Carrington), Danbury, Hazeleigh, Northey 

 Island, Woodham Mortimer (Raynor), Felstead (Mackmurdo), St. Osyth (Barrett). 

 Hunts : Fen districts (Oldham), Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton (Rothschild). 

 Kent : Sheerness, near Strood (Walker), Cliffe Marshes (Bower), near Gravesend 

 (Battley). Northampton: Ashton Wold, Oundle (Rothschild). Notts: Clumber 

 (Young teste Barrett). [Somerset: Taunton (Bidgood).] Suffolk: Rare, pro- 

 bably over looked — Bures, near Sudbury (Gerrard), Chappel (Barrett). Sussex 

 (Barker) . 



Distribution. — Throughout the whole Paln?arctic area except the Polar region 

 and the Canary Isles (Staudinger). Africa: Algeria— Lainbessa (Oberthur), Tunis 

 (Riihl). Asia: Asia Minor, throughout (Rebel), Mount Hermon, Antilebanon 

 (Nicholl), nr. Jerusalem (Swinton), Amasia, Tokat, Taurus, Derbent, Achal-Tekke 

 c ]ist. — Kopet-Dagh, Schahkuh, Lenkoran, Astrahabad, Saisan, Ema, Ussuri, 

 Sutschan, Baranowka, Nicolaiefsk, Thian-Shan, to 7000ft. (Riihl), Amurland 

 (Elwes). Austro-Hungary : Hungary — Buda-Pest, etc. (Nicholson), Tyrol dist. — 

 Mendel, Cortina, etc. (Tutt), Pfous (Galvagni), Brenner (Rowland-Brown), Glockner 

 dist. (Riihl), Dalmatia — Zara (de la Garde), Heiligenblut (Riihl), Yillach. Lamsdorf, 

 Wolfsberg (Chapman), Karlsbad, Briinn, Salzburg, Funfkirchen, Hermannsta.lt. 

 Lipnik, etc. (Riihl). Belgium : Colonstere (Donckier), St. Gervais (Castin), Bas Pivs 

 de Salzinncs (Pirsoul), Bouge, Fond d'Arquet (Lambillion), Dinant (Lenoir). Bosnia 

 and Hercegoyina : Dervent (Hilf), Jaicc (ApteR>eck), Fojnica (Simonys), Visegrad 

 (Sturany), Sarajevo, Trebevic (Rebel), Cvrstniea, Vran Planina (Hilf), Nevesinje 

 (Uhl), Prenj— Tissovica (Rebel), Glovogo to 1300 m. (Penther), Vucija-Bara 

 (Hilf). Bulgaria am. Fast Roumelia : Sophia (Bachmetjew), llilo (Elwes), Rasgrad 

 (Markowitsch), Varna, Slivno, common (Rebel). Channel Islands ; Jersey (Luff). 

 Denmark : Rare (Aurivillius)— Fyen, Jutland, North Zealand (Bang-Haas). 

 Finland: Rare (Aurivillius). France; Throughout in suitable places (Tutt), 

 Nord dept., common (Paux), Normandy— Tancarville (Leech), Rennes dist., 

 Cancale (Oberthur), Vannes, Stoermel, Monterfi] (Griffith), Calvados (Montiers), 

 nr. Chateaudun, Lardy, Fontainebleau (Berce), Indie Uremic (Martin), Nohant, 

 St. Movent. Auvergne, Murat, Le Livran (Saudi. Auhe Les Riceys, Ervy fJourd- 

 beuille), Allier Moulins (Peyerimhoff), Saone-et-Loire (Constant), Loire-] nferieure 

 (Bonjour), Aude (Mabille), Gironde (Brown), Haute-Garonne (Caradja), 

 Savoy Alps Gr6sy-sur;Aix, \fegeve, Ohamonix, Bourg si. Maurice, Basses-Alpea 

 Barcelonette, Larohe, Digne, Hautes-Alpes the (iuil Valley, Abries, Dauphiny 

 Alps Le Lautaret, l-:i Grave, St. Michel de Maurienne, etc. (Tutt). [sere Uriage, 



