106 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



"Icon. Chen.," pi. i., figs. 5-6 (1832) ; Treits., " Die Schraett.," supp., x., i., pp. 97, 

 248 (1834); Stphs., "111.," iv., p. 405 (1834); Curtis, "List," 2nd ed., p. 306 

 (1837); Wood, " Ind. Ent.," p. 9, fig. 78 (1839); Bdv., "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," 

 p. 35 (1840) ; Dup., " Cat. Meth.," p. 35 (1840) ; "Icon. Chen.," p. 212, pi. xxxi., 

 fig. 89 (1849); Bdv., "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 35 (1840); Humph. & Westd., 

 "Brit. Butts.," p. 129, pi. xli., figs. 8-12 (1841); Evers., "Faun. Volg.-Ural.," 

 p. 87 (1844); H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," p. 159 (1846); Stphs., "List," 1st ed., 

 p. 22 (1850); Dbldy., " Syn. List," p. 2 (1850); Westd. & Hewits., "Gen. 

 Diurn. Lep.," p. 522 (1852); Wallgrn., " Skand. Dagf.," p. 258 (1853) ; Stphs., 

 "List," 2nd ed., p. 21 (1856) ; Sta., " Man.," i., p. 68 (1857); Speyer, " Geog. 

 Verb.," p. 288 (1858); Ramb., "Cat. Lep. And.," p. 87 (1858); Freyer, " Neu. 

 Beit. Sehmett.," vii., p. 55, pi. 631, fig. 1 (1858) ; Newm., " Brit. Butts.," p. 179 

 (1869); Butl., " Cat. Diurn. Lep.," p. 277 (1869); Buckler, "Larvae," etc., i., 

 pp. 139, 195, pi. xvii., fig. 3 (1886) ; Dale, "Brit. Butts.," p. 215 (1890) ; Barr., 

 "Lep. Brit. Isles," p. 275, pi. xxxviii., figs. 1-le (1893). Flavus, Miill., " Zool. 

 Dan. Prod.," p. 115 (1776) ; Wheeler, " Butts. Switz.," p. 11 (1903). Divaricatus, 

 Geoff., "Fourc. Ent. Par.," p. 246 (1785). Yenula, Hb., "Eur. Sehmett.," 

 pi. exxx., figs. 666-669 ? (post. 1808). 



Original description. — Herr Brunnich thus describes jiaca, a 

 species not hitherto known: "P.P. alis integerrimis rlavis limbo 

 nigro albo terminato, supra infraque concoloribus. See tab. xxx " 

 (Pontoppidan). [The figure here cited is a typical ? of this species, 

 recognisable at a glance (Prout).] 



Imago. — Expanse 27mm. -3 lmm. All four wings orange-fulvous 

 or fulvous-brown, unspotted, costa and outer margin blackish ; 

 nervures finely black towards outer edge ; fringes pale ; J with 

 oblique androconial mark on forewings. The antenna? reddish- 

 ochreous at tip. The underside of forewings centrally fulvous, apex 

 grey-green, a black shade at base of inner margin ; of hindwings 

 greenish-grey to orange-ochreous. a bright orange-fulvous patch at 

 anal angle. 



Sexual dimorphism. — Very marked in that the J has a very 

 distinct linear, somewhat long, basally curved, black androconial 

 streak, placed obliquely beneath the discal cell, and turned down 

 towards inner margin at base, the $ being of course unmarked. 

 The ? is usually rather larger, and heavier-looking than the S , 

 whilst the colour is almost the same in both sexes. " The androconial 

 scales are in general completely jointed, and of the un jointed scales 

 which are found among them there are comparatively few, and of 

 these their flattened extremities are more elongated than those of the 

 fan-shaped scales of Augiades sylvanus. "Covering-scales" are 

 wanting, the normal scales next to the ' fleck ' (discal streak) are 

 somewhat longer and larger than the rest. The tuft of hairs is 

 wanting on the hind legs" (Aurivillius). 



Gynandromorphism. — We can only trace the two following gynan- 

 dromorphic examples of this species: — 



a. Kight side j , left side ?. The genitalia arc abnormal, being cf of full 

 size, but with much flattening and distortion of tlu> apical lobe of tegumen, and 

 with a large supplementary chitinous lobe (which appears to spring from nearly the 

 same point as the clasp) present on the !ef! side (Edwards, l'.ut. . xxxi.. p. 31, fig.). 



;. A J , taken July 22nd, 1900, at Ashton Wold. Oundle, which entirely lacks 

 the androconial streak (Rothschild, /•.'»/. Rec, xvii.. p. 108). 



Variation. — There appears to be very little variation in this 

 species, either in size or colour, in the British Islands. A few fall 

 Jnnii. or 2mm. below, and others above, normal size, whilsl one also 

 notices a little difference in the intensity of the ground-colour, some 

 specimens being rather more orange-fulvous, others a shade darker or 



