ADOP^EA FLAVA. Ill 



some other Urbicolid pupas, but found in those of no other butterflies ; 

 in this species it extends almost to the anus (figured as reaching the 

 antepenultimate segment), is of uniform thickness, bristle-like, of a 

 bright reddish -yellow colour, lying very close to abdomen, but standing 

 out from the latter when its mobile segments forming the anal end are 

 in movement (Esper). Pale green with a pointed head and a narrow 

 maxillary sheath tinged with rose-red, extending to the anal point 

 (Freyer). The pupa is figured by Buckler (Larvae, etc., i., pi. xvii., 

 fig. 3c). Esper gives two figures thereof (Schmett. Eur., i., pi. xcviii. 

 [supp. xii.] , figs. 9, 10). 



Time of appeakance. — The species is single-brooded in Britain and 

 possibly throughout its. whole range, but, like almost all grassfeeding 

 butterfly larvae that do most of their feeding in late spring and early 

 summer, the period of emergence is frequently extended, e.g., five or 

 six weeks in a season, normally from mid-June to the end of July. In 

 early seasons, the first imagines appear, however, in early June, and in 

 late seasons not before the middle of July. Abroad, however, the time 

 of appearance varies according to altitude and latitude. The following- 

 dates will give some idea of this range of variation. On the Con- 

 tinent — May to the middle of July, in the Baltic States, where it is 

 very rare (Nolcken) ; at Broussa in May, in June at Taormina 

 (Fountaine) ; from about May 20th, becoming exceedingly abundant 

 at the beginning of June, at Hyeres (Powell) ; Rowland-Brown 

 notes (Ent, Record, xiv., pp. 318-4) the long time over which 

 this supposed single-brooded species emerges, recording it from June 

 23rd (1899) at Susa, to as late as October 9th (1902) at Beaulieu, 

 one of its most southern European localities ; June 29th, 1873, at St. 

 Brelades (Piquet) ; September 5th, 1882, at Pierrefitte-Nestalas 

 in the Pyrenees (Jones) ; June 24th- July 13th, 1883, in the woods 

 at Carlsbad (Becher) ; August, 1888, at Rochefort (Carrier) ; July 

 19th-23rd, 1890, at Tancarville (Leech) ; July 28th-August 8th, 1894, 

 at Courmayeur ; June 26th-28th, 1897, at Fontainebleau (Tutt) ; end 

 of July, 1897, near Sepey (Wheeler) ; one at Trieste, September 4th, 

 1897 (Mathew) ; June 23rd,1899, at Susa (Rowland-Brown) ; June 

 26th, 1899, in the Rilska Valley (Nicholl) ; May 12th-June 16th, 1900, 

 at Orta (Lowe) ; June 5th, 1900, in the Mount Hermon district 

 (Nicholl) ; July 22nd-31st, 1900, at Guarda (Chapman) ; July 28th- 

 August 2nd, at Larche ; August 18th-24th, 1900, worn, at Gresy-sur- 

 Aix (Tutt) ; June 23rd, 1900, on Mont Seny (Witty) ; July 18th-26th, 



1901, at Tragacete (Chapman) ; July 29th, 1901, at Balsieges (Rowland- 

 Brown) ; June 20th-25th, 1901, at Botzen (Lowe) ; abundant but worn, 

 July 30th-August 7th, 1901, at Torre Pellice ; August 9th, 1901, at 

 Bobbie (Tutt) ; July 15th, 1902, at Berisal; July 12th, 1902, at Aigle 

 (Sheldon) ; July 29th, 31st, 1902, at Chavoire (Tutt) ; August 2nd, 



1902, at Agincourt ; worn, on October 9th, 1902, at Beaulieu (Rowland- 

 Brown) ; May 25th-June 15th, 1902 ; May 30th-June 17th, 1903, at 

 Hyeres ; July 3rd, 1903, at Entrevaux (Powell) ; July 26th-28th, 1903, 

 at Vesubie (Rowland -Brown) ; July 27th, at Yvonne; July 28th, 1903, 

 between Useigne and Evolene (Tutt) ; May 31st, 1904, at Hyeres 

 (Powell) ; July 1st, 1904, between Fiesch and Brigue (Pearson) ; July 

 7th, 1904, at Kahlenburg (Vienna); July 27th, 1904, at Brenner 

 (Rowland-Brown) ; August 5th-12th, 1904, at Stalden ; August 9th, 

 1904, between Hiiteck and Saas-Grund ; July 28th-31st, 1905, at 



