124 



BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



encircled by a girth which impresses the wings a little, and, leaving 

 them at the anal angle, crosses the back in the incision between the 

 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments, in which it is quite invisible 

 (Chapman). The pupa is slender and agile, and the pupal stage lasts 

 a fortnight (Zeller). 



Pupa. — The pupa is of a lively apple-green of several tints, the 

 head, thorax, and appendages are transparent, if not quite glassy, and 

 the colour is bluish-green, depending entirely on the fluid contents — 

 the nose-horn has a pinkish shade, which is cutaneous colouring, the 

 pen of the cremaster is also faintly margined with pinkish, and for the 

 rest is colourless, as if the translucent white caticle contained Colourless 

 fluid. The rest of the abdomen is of a more solid aspect, and rather 

 yellowish tint. The broad dorsal band is of much the same colour as 

 the thorax, however, but has a very fine yellow central line, it is 

 bordered by a line which is yellow by comparison, but really apparently 

 a green, and there is another similar Line half way between this and 

 the spiracles ; these lines proceed forward over the mesothorax, but 

 fade out before reaching the prothorax. The pupa is 19mm. long and 

 3*8mm. across the widest part (wing- bases). The head is broad and 

 square, and about 3mm. across. The nose-horn arises at the middle 

 of the dorsal margin, its dorsal line being continuous with that of the 

 pupa, but ventrally, there is, beneath it, a breadth of nearly 1mm. of 

 the head, whose surface is directed to the front. The horn is lmm. 

 wide at base and about l-3mm. long. The line of the glazed eye re- 

 sembles that of a Sphingid, viz., the curvature is directed forward. Seen 

 laterally it has very much the appearance of a human eye (in a marble 

 statue) due to the glazed part being very wide, and contrasting in 

 texture with the portions above and below that look like eyelids. The 

 median angles of the maxillae come very far forward in front, but not 

 quite on the anterior aspect of the head. Until the maturation of 

 the imago commences the wings are so transparent that the trachea^ 

 of the venation can be easily made out, as well as the superficial 

 impress of the venation on the surface. The apices of the wings reach 

 to nearly the posterior margin of the 4th abdominal, and beyond this 

 there extend, as a free style, the ends of the maxillae, reaching beyond 

 the middle of the 6th abdominal, this portion, as well as a portion 

 between the wings as far back as the upper border of the 4th, being tinted 

 red-brown. The antenna) descend as far as two-thirds down the wings; 

 the first legs about as far, but they are entirely cut oft' from the antennae 

 by the second legs. All these parts are very difficult to make out, the 

 underlying trachea) being more conspicuous than the superficial 

 sutures. There are no hairs to be detected by using a strong hand- lens. 

 The cremaster is a small dense patch of short reddish hooks beneath 

 the extremity of the 10th abdominal segment (Chapman, July, 1905). 

 Slender, about 19mm. in length, 4mm. across the arched thorax, where 

 it is widest, though the head, with its Large prominent eyes, is almost 

 as wide; the top of the head is a trifle flattened, and has a beak-like 

 process projecting forwards of a flattened triangular shape, its base 

 lying across the head between the eyes; the abdomen tapers very 

 gradually towards the anal portion, which ends in a, prolonged and 

 blunt flattened tip, furnished with a circlet ol exceedingly minute 

 recurved hooks. The wings, antenna' and legs are plainly developed, 

 and the proboscis is extended at full length down the abdomen, from 



