AUGIADES. 131 



much thinner, acute hooklet, which may be shorter or longer, but always shorter 

 than the club itself. The length of the hooklet depends upon the number of 

 antennal joints of which it consists (in the American phylaeus, Dru., it is repre- 

 sented by the single terminal joint which sets upon the thick end of the club in the 

 form of a short spine). Palpi placed close to the front, at most extending a little 

 beyond the eyes, the middle joint broad anteriorly, closely set with long, brush-like 

 hair-scales ; the apical joint conical, either short and thick, or moderately long and 

 more slender, yet not so thin and subulate as in Thymelicus. Tibias unarmed in 

 some species, but with spines in most, which are the stronger upon the middle 

 tibias. Body robust, the abdomen as long as the head and thorax united. "Wings 

 relatively small, stiff, the anterior ones triangular, the posterior ones short, mostly 

 produced at the inner angle, particularly in the male. The anterior wings generally 

 have a stigma, but no costal fold. The tuft is absent from the tibias. 



Speyer further diagnoses (op. cit., p. 152) the characters of at least four 

 groups belonging to this subfamily, which read as follows : — 



A. Club of antenna thick, with a sharp apical hooklet. Vein 2 (i.e., the first 

 branch of the median) of the forewings originates much nearer to the base than to 

 the hindmargin of the wings, and is almost twice as long as is the trunk of the 

 median vein to its end. The $ stigma of the forewings in its normal position — 

 Pamphila, Fab. — comma, L., sylvanus, Esp., ochricea, Brem. 



B. The last fifth of the elongated club of the antenna slender and bent back- 

 wards, but rounded out at the end. Second vein as in A. $ without stigma — 

 Goxiloba, H.-S. — alcides, H.-S. 



C. Antennas as in A. Vein 2 originates at, or a little before, the middle of the 

 wing, and is not, or only a little, longer than the trunk of the median. Stigma 

 absent, or, when present, directed more towards the outer margin and reaching 

 only to the first vein — [Parnara, Moore] — mathias, Fab., zelleri, Led., nostro- 

 damus, Fab. 



D. Club of the antenna more slender and more fusiform, with acute, but less 

 sharply defined, apical hooklet. The second vein starts in the middle of the wing. 

 Fringe light-coloured, spotted with darker colour at end of veins, c? without 

 stigma — [Acro3iachus, Nicev.] — inachus, Men. 



Watson has since given a detailed synoptical key of the group (Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Land., 1893, pp. 91 et seq.), to which reference should be made. 

 In this, a much more minute generic division with diagnostic characters 

 is made, and detailed generic descriptions are added. The important 

 separation of comma (which he places in Erynnia) and sylvanus (which 

 he places in Augiades) (op. cit., pp. 91-92) is to be carefully noted. 

 These are the only representatives of the tribe in Britain. 



Genus : Augiades, Hubner. 



Syxoxymy.— Genus : Augiades, Hb., " Verz.," p. 112 (1816) ; Stphs., "Illus. 

 Haust.," iv., p. 405 (1834) ; "List," 1st ed., p. 23 (1850) ; 2nd ed., p. 21 (1856) ; 

 Wats., "Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.," p. 103 (1893); Kirbv, "Handbook," etc., hi., 

 p. 27 (1897) ; Grote, "Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," p. 59 (1897) ; Staud., "Cat.," 

 2nd ed., p. 93 (1901) ; Lamb., " Pap. Belg.," p. 277 (1902). Papilio, Poda, " Ins. 

 Mus. Graec," p. 79 (1761) ; Scop., "Ent. Cam.," p. 181 (1763) ; Schnt-id., " Sys. 

 Be^ch. Eur. Schmett.," p. 273 (1785); Lewin, "Insects," p. 96, pi. xlvi., figs. 1-3 

 (1795) ; Don., "Brit. Ins.," p. 8, pi. 254, fig. 2 (1795) ; Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," 

 pi. xcv., fig. 482 c?, figs. 483-4 ? (1802); text p. 72 (circ. 1805); Ochs., "Die 

 Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 226 (1808) ; Freyer, " Neu. Beit.," vii., pp. 80, 170, pi. 646, 

 fig. 2, pi. 696, fig. 2 (1858). [Papilio-Plebeius-] Urbicola, Esp., "Schmett. 

 Eur.," i., pi. xxxvi. (supp. xii.), fig. 1 (?) (1777), p. 343 (?) (1779); Goeze, 

 "Ent. Beit.," ii., pt. 3, p. 117 (1780); Bergs., " Nomenclatur," etc., p. 37 

 pi. lxxxix., fig. 436 (copy of Esper's fig.) (1780) ; Fab., " Mant.," ii., p. 84 (1787); 

 Bork.. " Sys. Besch.," i., pp. 180, 285 (1788), ii., p. 236 (1789) ; Haw., "Lep. Brit.," 

 p. 50 (1803). [Hesperia-] Urbicola, Fab., " Ent. Syst.," hi., pt. 1, p. 326 (1783). 

 Hesperia, Latr., " Consid. Gen.," p. 208 (1810) ; Leach, "Edin. Encycl.," ix., 

 p. 130 (1815): Ochs., "Die Schmett.," iv., p. 34 (1816); Dalm., "Vet. Ak. 

 Handl.," xxxvi., p. 201 (1816) ; Latr., "Eur. Meth.," p. 770 (1819); Sam., "Ent. 

 Comp.," p. 242 (1819); Godt., "Hist. Nat.," i., pi. xii. sec, fig. 2; pi. xii. text., 

 fig. 3 (1821); Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 27 (1829); Meig., "Eur. 



