AUGIADES SYLVANUS. 135 



(6) The pale spots of fore- and hindwings united with discal spots and con- 

 tinued to base as a pale blotch, leaving a dark outer margin = ab. externa, n. ab. 



Iii the ab. obsoleta the ground colour encroaches on and drives out 

 the pale spots, in ab. externa the pale spots encroach on and expel the 

 ground colour. Of the races that deserve notice or have been described, 

 we note the following : 



a. var. norvegica, n. var. — Of srnall size, 28mm. In the <? the forewings with 

 whole area from base to angulated line bright tawny, except a small patch at upper 

 end of androconial streak (i.e., like ab. extensa); the outer margin fuscous; the 

 hindwings bright, inclining to tawny, with transverse row of still brighter spots, a 

 narrow black marginal line and blackish costa. The ? more fuscous ; the paler 

 marks of forewings restricted to angulated line and outer edge of discal cell, and on 

 the forewings to the four usual transverse dots. The ochreous underside brighter, 

 also the paler spots consequently not conspicuous, the basal part of hindwings 

 dusted with greenish scales ; the rest typical (Saeterstoen. Taken by Chapman, 

 June 27th- July 2nd, 1898). 



This is a small form of good colour. 



j3. var. (etab.) anatolica, Plotz, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," p. 219 (1883) ; Kiihl, 

 "Pal. Gross- Schrnett.," i., p. 828 (1895); Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 93 (1901). 

 — c? 16mm. Upperside of the forewings red-yellow, bordered with brown ; cells 1 , 2, 

 4 and 5 spotted with brown ; in the middle cell rust-coloured lines. The underside 

 of the forewings black on the hind margin near the base. Hindwings brown with 

 red-yellow basal spot, and a row of spots beyond the middle ; underside of hind- 

 wings green, more or less mixed with rusty-yellow; red-yellow prevailing towards 

 the anal angle ; the yellow spots often very indistinct. Asia Minor (Plotz). ' 



The main feature of this variety is the green coloration of the 

 underside of the hindwings. We have seen no approach to this 

 among the specimens we have collected. Staudinger notes it from 

 Asia Minor and Southern Italy. 



y. vai. hyrcana, Christ., "Iris," vi., p. 87 (1893); Kiihl. " Pal, Gross- 

 Schmett.," i., p. 643(1895) ; Staud., " Cat.," 3rded., p. 93 (1901).— Inter H esperias 

 venatam, Brem., et sylvanum, Esp., ponenda. A venata, Brem., differt : Alis anticis 

 apice minus acuto, posticis minus latis, colore satiatiori fusco-ochracea linea, disci 

 crassa obliqua fusca (non nigra), fasciis, macularum media et terminali lata, fuscis 

 ? eadem colore, quam in j re fasciisque angustioribus dilutioribus fuscis. A sylvano 

 differt : magnitudine, fasciis distinctioribus, obscurioribus colore paullum dilution. 

 Long, alas, ant. 17mm. Lenkoran, Astrabad. Hyrcanige (Christoph). 



Staudinger notes the form as being, in $ and $ , above "Obscurius 

 marginata et maculata." 



8. var. (et ab.) venata, Brem., " Et. Motsch.," p. 61 (1852); Brem. and 

 Grey, "Beit, zur Schrnett.," p. 11, pi. hi., fig. 5 (1853) ; Men., "En.," i., pi. v., 

 fig. 8 (1855) ; Fixs., "Bom. Mem.," iii., p. 315, pi. xiv., fig. 5 (1892); Staud., 

 "Bom. Mem.," vi., p. 212 (J887); Biihl, "Pal. Gross-Schmett.," i., pp. 643, 828 

 (1895) ; Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 93 (1901). Herculea, Butl., "Ann. Mag. Nat. 

 Hist.," 5th ser., vii.,p. 140 (1881). — Hesperia. Alis supra: fulvo-ochraceis, nigro- 

 marginatis et venatis, apice non nihil obscuriori, linea discoidali nigra ; subtus : 

 omnibus fulvo-ochraceis, anticis basi nigra. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 1J (Bremer). 

 Amur, Altai, etc. (Staudinger). Isle Askold (Jankowski), Corea — Seoul (Kalinow- 

 alski), China — Leon-Tang (Mouton). 



Oberthiir says (in litt.) that, in his opinion, venata is a geographical 

 race of sylvanus. According to Staudinger this form, in the J , has 

 the upperside not dark-margined, and the underside almost unspotted. 

 He combines venata, Bremer, with herculea, Butler, who described the 

 form as a distinct species as follows: "Allied to sylvanus, considerably 

 larger, $ of a clearer, more ochreous, colour above, and on the uncler- 

 surface of a more uniformly tawny colour ; the secondaries not 

 yellowish, as in P. sylvanus ; pattern similar. Expanse of wings 

 1 inch 7 lines. $ , above bronzy-brown or chocolate-brown, with 

 cupreous reflections ; primaries with a yellow dot just above the basal 

 third of submedian vein, a cuneiform spot filling the base of the first 



