144 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



rather over half that of spiracle. The spiracles are paler than their 

 surroundings, about 0-2mm. high, Olmm. broad, but with a raised and 

 wrinkled area around, of twice or three times these dimensions. The 

 rounded end of the 10th abdominal segment is about 1-Omm. in length, 

 and rather broader at its base, if an end can be called rounded that gives 

 off from its dorsal half the cremastral spine or pen, about 1mm. long, 

 about 0-3mm. thick, and 09mm. wide at its base. Dorsally, it is not 

 marked off from the rest of the segment, but seen laterally, it is a thin 

 pen-like plate continuing the dorsal surface backwards, but with the 

 ventra sweep of the dorsal surface. It terminates in a close-set bunch 

 of hooks, closer set, perhaps, by being drawn together by the silk 

 wound round them, which prevents much accuracy in describing them; 

 they are brown, with ends closely curled round to about a complete 

 circle ; in length they may be 025mm., and in number 20 to 40. The 

 ventral aspect of the abdomen presents similar arrangements of hairs and 

 sculpturing. The scars of prolegs on the 4th, 5th and 6th abdominals are 

 close-set groups of the structures we have called lenticles, 5 in number on 

 the 4th, and 11 and 12 on the 5th and 6th, with, on one side of 6th, a very 

 large one in front of, and outside, groups. The underside of cremastral 

 spine is longitudinally fluted, in front of it is the anal scar, with similar 

 flutings on each side. The 9th and 10th abdominal segments are well 

 demarked dorsally, but the 9th slopes to nothing laterally, and ventrally 

 no suture is visible ; there are two round eminences in front of this area 

 (the pupa is a male), and behind them a small smooth patch in 

 front of the long anal incision. The hairs or bristles beneath the 

 10th segment are rather longer and stronger than the mass of dorsal 

 hairs (about 0'27mm.). The lateral and ventral aspect have partly been 

 dealt with in dealing with the abdominal segments, whilst the dehiscence 

 has so disordered the head and thoracic aspect as to make any con- 

 nected view of them erroneous. It remains, therefore, to deal with 

 appendages individually as well as may be. First the prothoracic 

 spiracle wants another word. It is covered by an oval lappet, as is 

 common ; this lappet is pale in colour and rough in surface ; its appear- 

 ance suggests that it is covered by an exudation, similar to that of Hesperia 

 rnalvde pupa, but, in the case of II. malvae, it surrounds but does not 

 affect the lappet ; here it specially affects the lappet, and the area around 

 appears to furnish none of it. The position of the labrum appears to 

 be rather frontal than ventral, but the parts being loose this must be 

 left doubtful. It is rather obscure and overlapped by two great flaps 

 from either side, that are not merely marked oil' by sutures, but appear 

 really to overlap. These are large (about O'Gmin. across), meet in the 

 middle line, are wrinkled and somewhat paler on their margins, they 

 are nearly circular, but that their base, a definite suture, runs across in 

 nearly a straight line. A small diamond of labium is visible below 

 them, these forming the front, the maxillae the posterior, two of its 

 lour margins. The eye-piece (the glazed eye and the circle within) 

 separate from the head and adhere loosely to the legs. The antenna 1 

 also separate from the head, and for about a third of their length ; 

 they terminate about three-fifths down the wing margins; the first leg 

 is rather short of this, whilst the second goes halt' the rest of the way 

 towards the end of the wing, lying against it beyond the anteuiue. 



The second leg reaches up to the eyes, but by a margin only about 

 one-third that of the first leg. The maxilla 1 , having the usual broad 



