URBICOLA COMMA. 153 



pi. lxxxii., fig. 2 (1884); Kane, "Eur. Butts.," p. 147 (1885); Auriv., " Nord. 

 Fjar.," p. 39, pi. vii., fig. 12 (1889) ; Dale, "Brit. Butts.," p. 211 (1890) ; Barr., 

 " Lep. Brit. Isl.," L, p. 294, pi. xxxix., figs. 2-2d (1893). Pamphila, Fab., "111. 

 Mag.," p. 287 (1807); Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," p. 759 (1815) ; Stephs., "111. Brit. 

 Ent.," p. 102 (1828); "Ins. Cat.," p. 28 (1829); Wood, " Ind. Ent.," p. 10, 

 fig. 81(1839); Westd., " Gen. Syn.," p. 88 (1840) ; Humph, and Westd., "Brit. 

 Butts.," p. 128, pi. xli., figs. 1-4 (1841) ; Dbldy., " Syn. List," p. 2 (1850) ; Westd. 

 and Hew., " Gen. Diurn. Lep.," p. 522 (1852) ; Sta., "Man.," L, p. 69 (1857); 

 Kirby, "Eur. Butts.," p. 123 (1862); Butl., "Cat. Diurn. Lep.," p. 277 (1869) ; 

 Kirby, "Syn. Cat.," p. 824 (1871); "Eur. Butts.," p. 65 (1882); Buckler, 

 " Larvge," etc., L, pp. 142, 198 (1886) ; Buhl, " Gross-Schmett.," p. 646 (1895) ; 

 Meyr., "Handbk.," p. 359 (1895) ; Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 128 (1896). Augiades, 

 Hb., "Verz.," p. 112 (1816); Stephs., "Illus.," iv., p. 405 (1834); "List," 1st 

 ed., p. 23 (1850); 2nd ed., p.. 21 (1856); Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 92 (1901) ; 

 Lambn., "Pap. Belg.," p. 275 (1902). Heteropterus, Bamb., "Faun. And.," 

 p. 307 (1839); "Cat. Lep. And.," p. 88 (1858). 



The Urbicolae was Linne's group name for the " skippers," and 

 Urbicolaw&s first used in a generic sense by Barbut, in 1781, when he 

 cited comma, L., as the type (antea, p. 130). The genus is described, 

 under the name of Erynnis, by Watson (Proc Zool. Soc. Loud., 1893, 

 p. 99), with comma as the type, as follows : 



Antennae short, less than half the length of the costa ; club short, robust, 

 terminal crook exceedingly minute. Palpi with the second joint densely scaled, 

 third joint minute, suberect, bluntly conical. Neuration as in Hylephila,* except 

 that vein 2 of the forewings is much nearer to the base of the wing in the 3 , and 

 vein 7 of the hindwing is slightly nearer the base of the wing in both sexes. The 

 stigma of the forewing is very similar to that of Hylephila, f except that it entirely 

 fills the angle at the bifurcation of vein 2, while in Hylephila the discal stigma 

 crosses the interspace beyond the origin of vein 2 — comma, Linn., Colorado, Sc, 

 manitoba, Sc, metea, Sc, florinda, Butl. 



Urbicola comma, Linne. 



Synonymy. — Species: Comma, Linn., " Syst. Nat.," 10th ed., p. 484, no. 162 

 (1758) ; 12th ed., p. 793, no. 256 (1767) ; "Faun. Suec," p. 285, no. 1080 (1761) ; 

 Mull., "Faun. Frid.," p. 37 (1764); Hufn., "Berl. Mag.," ii., pp. 74, 89 (1766); 

 Fab., " Sys. Ent.," p. 531 (1775), etc [N.B. — All references mentioned under the 

 generic synonymy (supra) are referable to comma.'] 



Original description. — P. P. alis integerrimis divaricatis fulvis ; 

 punctis albis lineolaque nigra. Fn. Suec, 793. Merian, Eur., 15, 

 t. 48. Habitat in Europa (Linne, Sys, Nat., 10th ed., p. 484). [Papilio 

 comma alis integerrimis divaricatis fulvis : punctis albis, lineaque nigra. 

 Papilio alis erectis ovatis integerrimis testaceo-griseis, tesserulis albis 

 linea nigra sub superioribus. Habitat in Pratis. Descr. — Alee 

 primores concolores, flavse, apice fuscescentes maculis pallidis : litura 

 nigra linearis margine nuda subargentea in medio paginse superioris. 

 Secundaria supra flavae, pallidius maculatse margine fuscescentes. 

 Subtus griseae maculis albidis, quadratis (Faun. Suec, 2nd ed., p. 285). 



Imago. — 29mm. -40mm. Ground colour of all the wings bright 

 fulvous, with broad dark marginal band to fore- and hindwings ; an 



* Cell less than two-thirds the length of the costa ; vein 5 from close to bottom 

 of cell ; vein 3 very close to end of cell ; vein 2 considerably nearer to base of wing 

 than to end of cell ; in the ? this vein is slightly more remote from base of wing. 

 Hindwing with vein 7 well before end of cell, almost equidistant from 6 and 8 ; 

 discocellulars faint ; vein 5 not traceable ; veins 2, 3 and 4 all close together, 3 

 about twice as far from 2 as from 4 (Watson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 101). 



f c? with a linear discal stigma on forewing, extending from origin of vein 3 

 as far as vein 1, and edged exteriorly with an outwardly diffused streak of raised 

 scales (Watson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 101). The type of Hylephila is 

 phylaeus. 



