THE "LARGE" OR "EASTERN" GROUP. 161 



species will be between P. comma and the P. sylvanus of Japan (Butler), Central 

 Japan, ? Yesso, Corea, Gensan (Leech). 



Butler's types in the British Museum collection, a $ and ? , are 

 larger in size, well- coloured, inclining to being rather darker than the 

 European type, and present what we might assume to be a richly- 

 coloured, well-developed, lowland race of the form described from the 

 Jhela Drosh {infra). Staudinger writes (Rom. Mem., vi., p. 211) that 

 repugnans had been found at Kidso (Schrenk), rarely near Nik (Graeser), 

 a $ at Chab (Hedemann), at Baran (Dorries), also both sexes were 

 taken by Dorries in the Sutschan district. The principal differences 

 between this form and U. comma are (1) The light spots on the under- 

 side of the hindwings are very small and in part disappear, being 

 almost completely covered by the yellow-green ground colour. (2) The 

 ^son the upperside are very dark on the outer margin in which the 

 pale apical spots stand out conspicuously ; although the 2 s are hardly 

 darker than those of typical comma, these spots on the upperside are still 

 conspicuous. The northern catena on the underside forms the greatest 

 contrast with repugnans. Staudinger further notes that he has a ? 

 comma from Berlin closely resembling repugnans on the underside, 

 whilst from Greece, he has specimens with brightly marked undersides, 

 more striking even than in catena. Herz caught large examples of U. 

 comma in Corea, which, however (teste Fiesen), resemble the European 

 specimens. He also captured very large ones of a form, closely 

 resembling on the upperside U. comma, but which, on the underside, 

 are almost without markings and which may be considered as a sub- 

 variety of repugnans. Staudinger adds that he would be inclined to con- 

 sider them a form of sylvanus, were it not that Herz caught in the same 

 locality numerous typical examples of sylvanus. Here (op. cit.) Staudinger 

 refers florinda to Augiades sylvanus, but later (Cat., 3rd ed., p. 93) notes 

 it as doubtfully comma. He writes : " var. ? florinda. Alis supra fasciis 

 latis marginalibus obscurissimis; alis posterioribus subtus maculispaucis 

 [subnullis] parvis subalbidis. Sp. div. an sylvani var. Ussuri, Corea, 

 Japan, North China." Riihl notes that this insect is " on the upperside 

 much more like the type than on the underside, since on the hindwings 

 the pale underside spots become very small, and, in fact, disappear, 

 being almost wholly covered by the yellow-green ground colour." Riihl 

 further notes that, to the north of Pekin, very large specimens occur, 

 which, on the upperside, are very like comma, but, on the underside, 

 are almost without markings, and are probably to be considered as a 

 subvariety of repugnans, Staud. ( = florinda, Butl.). Leech says that 

 the specimens from near Pekin that were taken by Herz, appear to 

 be florinda, and that a long series shows that the latter is a form of 

 comma and not of sylvanus, which it much resembles on the underside. 

 He also notes that the type of mikado, Mabille (MS.), is a very worn 

 specimen of florinda. 



|8. var. mixta, Alph., " Hor. Soc. Ent. Boss.," p. 432 (1881) ; Staud., "Iris," 

 v., p. 340 (1892) ; Riihl, " Pal. Gross- Schmett.," pp. 648, 828 (1895) ; Tutt, "Brit. 

 Butts.," p. 130 (1896) ; Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 92 (1901). Lato, Grum-Grsh., 

 "Hor. Soc. Ent. Boss.," xxv., 459 (1890). Latro, Riihl, "Pal. Gross- Schmett.," 

 i., p. 647 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 129 (1896).— <? 33mm., ? 36mm.- 

 36'5mm. Var. major, supra obscurior ; subtus viridior, maculis albis magnis, 

 distinctissimis. Larger than the European type, with the outer part of the wings 

 darker, resembling, in this respect, certain examples of var. catena, Stdgr., from 

 Lapland. The hindwings greener and darker on the underside, with the white 

 spots not black-margined, as is often the case in the typical form and its varieties. 



