192 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



figs. 6-9 (1841); Stphs., "List," etc., 1st ed., p. 22 (1850); Westd. and Hewits., 

 " Gen. Diurn. Lep.," p. 520 (1852) ; Stphs., " List," etc., 2nd ed., p. 20 (1856) ; 

 Kirby, " Eur. Butts.," p. 124 (1862); Butl., "Cat. Diurn. Lep.," p. 278 (1869); 

 Edw., "Trans. Am. Ent. Soc," iii., p. 196 (1871); Scudd., " Syst. Bev. Am. 

 Butts.," p. 54 (1872) ; Kirby, "Eur. Butts.," p. 64 (1882); Dale, "Brit. Butts.," 

 p. 208 (1890) ; Barr., " Lep. Brit. Isl.," p. 298, pi. xL, figs. 1-ld (1893). [Papilio- 

 Plebeius-] Urbicola, Pall., "Beise," etc., i., p. 471 (1771); Fab., " Sys. Ent.," 

 p. 531 (1775) ; Sulzer, " Abgekiirzte Ges. Ins.," p. 147, pi. xix., figs. 8-9 (1776) ; 

 Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," i., pi., xxviii. (suppl. iv.), fig. 2 (1777), p. 322 (1779), pi. xcv. 

 (contd.L.),fig. 5 (var.)(1787); p. 14 (1796) ; Bergstr., •' Nomenclatur, " etc., p. 40, pi. 

 xci., figs. 7-8 (1780) ; Goeze, " Ent. Beit.," ii., pt. 3, p. 112 (1780) ; Fab., " Spec. 

 Ins.," pt. 2, p. 131 (1781) ; " Mant.," ii., p. 85 (1787) ; Bork., " Sys. Besch.," i., 

 pp. 183, 286 (1788) ; ii., p. 236 (1789) ; Brahm, "Ins. Kal.," ii., p. 239 (1791); 

 Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 49 (1803). Papilio, Schiff., " Sys. Verz.,' v 1st ed., p. 

 160 (1775); Schneider, "Sys. Besch. Eur. Schmett.," p. 280 (1785); Don., "Brit. 

 Ins.," vii., pi. 254, fig. 1, p. 7 (1799) ; Hb., " Eur. Schmett.," pi. xciv., figs. 475-6 

 <? (1802) ; text, p. 71 (circ. 1805) ; " Larv. Lep.," i., Pap. ii., Gens E.c, figs. 1-la 

 (? foodplant = PZa?*ta#o) {circ. 1800); 111., "Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., ii., p. 147 

 (1801) ; Ochs., " Die Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 219 (1808) ; Freyer, " Neu. Beit.," vi., 

 p. 52, pi. 513, fig. 1 (1852) ; vii., p. 47, pi. 626, fig. 1 (1858). THesperia-] Urbi- 

 cola, Fab., "Ent. Sys.," iii., pt. 1, p. 328 (1793). Hesperia, Latr., "Hist. 

 Nat.," xiv., p. 124 (1805); " Consid. Gen.," p. 208 (1810); Leach, " Edin. 

 Encyl.," ix., p. 130(1815); Ochs., "Die Schmett.," iv., p. 34 (1816); Dalm., 

 " Vet. Ak. Handl.," xxxvii., p. 201 (1816) ; Latr., " Enc. Meth.," p. 773 (1819) ; 

 Sam., " Ent. Comp.," p. 243 (1819) ; Godt., " Hist. Nat.," i., p. 231, pi. xii., fig. 

 2 (1821) ; Bdv., " Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 26 (1829) ; Meig., " Eur. Schmett.," 

 p. 65, pi. xxxv., figs. 6a-d (1829); Treits., "Die Schmett.," x., p. 248(1834); 

 Evers., "Faun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 86 (1844); Dup., "Icon. Chen.," p. 215, pi. xxxi., 

 fig. 91 (? foodplant) (1849) ; Spey., " Geog. Verb.," p. 283 (1858) ; Edw., " Proc. 

 Entom. Soc. Phil.," ii., pp. 20-21, pi. v., fig. 1 (1863) ; Scudd., "Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 Nat. Hist.," xi., pp. 383-384 (1868) ; Newm., " Brit, Butts.," p. 171 (1869) ; Gillm., 

 "Archiv. Ver. Naturges. Meckl.," 1904, p. 117(1904). Pamphila, Fab., "111. 

 Mag.," p. 287 (1807) ; Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," iii., pt. 1, p. 759 (1815) ; Stphs., 

 " 111. Brit. Ent.," p. 100 (1828) ; Stphs., " Ins. Cat.," p. 27 (1829) ; Wood. " Ind. 

 Ent.," p. 9, fig. 77 (1839) ; Gosse, " Can. Nat.," p. 219 (1840) ; Scudd., "Butts, of 

 East. Un. States," ii., p. 1569 (1889); Watson, "Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.," p. 89 

 (1893) ; Kirby, " Handbook," etc., p. 16 (1897) ; Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 91 

 (1901); Lamb., "Pap. Belg.," p. 263 (1902). Steropes, Bdv., "Gen. et Ind. 

 Meth.," p. 34 (1840) ; Dup., " Cat. Meth.," p. 35 (1840) ; Dbldy., " Syn. List.," 

 p. 2 (1850) ; Sta., "Man.,"i., p. 66 (1857); Grote. "Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," 

 p. 59 (1897). Carterocephalus, Led., " Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell.," ii., p. 26 (1852) ; 

 Staud., " Cat.," 1st ed., p. 15 (1861) ; Snell., " De Vlind.," p. 84 (1867) ; Nolck., 

 "Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 84 (1868); Staud., "Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 35(1871); Curo, 

 "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vi., p. 217 (1874); Streck., "Lep.," p. 69 (1874); Edw., 

 " Cat. Lep. Amer.," p. 49(1877); Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 55 (1880); Lang, 

 "Butts. Eur.," p. 356, pi. 82, fig. 5 (1884) ; Kane, "Eur. Butts.," p. 149 (1885); 

 Auriv., "Nord.Fjar.," p. 38, pi. vii., fig. 11 (1889); Bean, "Can. Ent.," xxv., 

 pp. 145-147 (1893); Buhl, "Pal. Gross-Schmett.," p. 632 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. 

 Butts.," p. 140 (1896). Heteropterus, Wallgrn., " Skand. Dagf.," p. 254 (1853) ; 

 Kirby, " Syn. Cat.," p. 624 (1871). Cyclopaedes, Hein., " Schmett. Deutsch.," 

 p. 115 (1859); Meyr., "Handbook," etc., p. 357 (1895). Steroptes, Edw., 

 " Trans. Am. Ent. Soc," iii., p. 214 (1871). 



This name was first used by Hubner (Yerzeichniss, p. Ill) for five 

 heterogeneric species, and was described as follows : — 



Die Flugel oben gelbfleckig, unten zierlick braun gezeichnet — Cyclopides 

 steropes, Schiff. (aracinthus, Fab., Hiibn.) ; C. brontes, Schiff. (paniscus, Fab., Hubn.) ; 

 C. silviu8, Knoch, Hubn. ; C. metis, Linn., Cram. ; ('. corns, Cram. 



In 1834, Stephens restricted the genus to paniscus, Fab., and 

 sylvins, Knoch, but, subsequently, in 1850, fixed the type as paniscus, 

 Fab., which was confirmed by Westwood and Hewitson, in 1852. 

 The later name of Carterocephalus, created by Lederer, to replace the 

 preoccupied Steropes, falls as a synonym of Hubner' s much older 



