CYCLOPIDES PALJEMON. 193 



name, having the same type (paniseus, Fab., palaemon, Pallas). It is 

 described by Speyer (Can. Fail, x., p. 150) as follows: — 



Antennas equal to half the length of the forewings with elongate ovoid club. 

 Apical joint of the palpi slender, conical, moderately acute, quite concealed by the 

 long hairs of the middle joint. Body moderately robust, with thickly-haired (in 

 argyrostigma, also very long hair) abdomen. Surface of the wings more hairy, with, 

 notably, a conspicuous streak of still longer and thicker prominent hairs along the 

 inner margin of the abdominal suture of the hindwings — palaemon, Pall.; silvius, 

 Knoch ; argyrostigma, Ev. 



This was very much extended by Watson, who, under the name of 

 Pamj>liila, described the genus as follows: — 



Antennas short, not half the length of the costa, club stout, elongate, blunt. 

 Palpi porrect, densely clothed with laxly-set scales, almost concealing the third 

 joint, which is short, slender, and bluntly conical. Forewing with the inner 

 margin considerably longer than outer margin ; cell less than two-thirds the length 

 •of costa ; vein 12 reaching costa before the end of cell ; upper discocellular short, 

 but distinct, outwardly oblique ; middle discocellular slightly longer than lower ; 

 vein 5 slightly nearer to 4 than to 6 ; vein 3 very close to end of cell ; vein 2 almost 

 equidistant 'from base of wing and end of cell, hind wing with outer margin even ; 

 cell very long, reaching more than half across the wing ; vein 7 shortly before end 

 of cell ; discocellulars and vein 5 barely traceable ; vein 3 immediately before end of 

 cell ; vein 2 considerably nearer to end of cell than to base of wing. No epiphysis 

 on fore tibiae. Hind tibiae slightly pronged and with only terminal pair of spurs — 

 palaemon, Pall, (paniseus, Fabr. ; brontes, Schiff.) ; mandan, Edw. ; mesapano, Sc. ; 

 sylvius, Knoch (sylvieola, Meig.) ; argyrostigma, Evers. 



As here restricted, the genus contains only two European, 

 one Siberian and two North American, species. Ki\hl(Pal. Gross- Schmett., 

 pp. 630 et seq.) adds christophi, (irum-Grsh.; gemmatus, Leech; 

 dieckwanni, Graes. and ops, Grum-Grsh. It is to be noted that, at least, 

 the two European species of the genus are almost identical in their 

 biological details. The eggs are practically identical, the larvas are 

 grass- feeders, they hybernate as fullgrown larvae pupating in the late 

 spring, and emerge in about three weeks, both species appearing at 

 the same period of the year. A detailed comparative study of these 

 species is much needed. [See Gillmer, Arch. d. Ver. d. Fr. d. 

 Naturgesch. inMeckl., 1904, pp. 117 etseq. ; Soc. Fhit., xx.,pp. 161-163.] 



Cyclopides palaemon, Pallas. 



Synonymy. — Species: Palaemon, Pallas, "Eeisen.," etc., i., p. 471(1771); 

 Kirby, " Syn. Cat.," p. 624 (1871) ; Staud., " Cat.,." 2nd ed., p. 35 (1871) ; Curo, 

 "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vi., p. 217 (1874) ; Kirby. "Eur. Butts.," p. 64 (1882) ; 

 Lang, " Butts. Eur.," p. 356, pi. 82, fig. 5 (1884) ; Kane, " Eur. Butts.," p. 149 

 (1885); Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 38, pi. vii., fig. 11 (1889); Watson, " Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond.," p. 89 (1893); Buhl, "Pal. Gross. Schmett.," p. 632(1895); 

 Meyr., "Handbook," etc., p. 357 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 140 (1896) ; 

 Kirby, "Handbook," etc.. p. 16 (1897); Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 91 (1901) ; 

 Lamb., " Pap. Belg.," p. 263 (1902). Paniseus, Fab., " Sys. Ent.," p. 531 (1775) ; 

 Sulzer, " Abgekiir. Ges. Ins.," p. 147, pi. xix., figs. 8-9 (1776) ; Esp., " Schmett. 

 Eur.," i., pi. xxviii. (supp. iv.), fig. 2 (1771) ; p. 322 (1779) ; pi. xcv. (contd. l.), 

 fig. 5 (1787); p. 14, var. (1796); Goeze, "Ent. Beit.," ii., pt. 3, p. 112 (1780) ; Bergs., 

 "Nomenclatur," etc., p. 40, pi. xci., figs. 7-8 (1780) ; Fab., " Spec. Ins.," pt. 2, 

 p. 131 (1781); Schneid., "Sys. Besch. Eur. Schmett.," p. 280 (1785); Fab., 

 " Mant.," ii., p. 85 (1787); Bork., "Sys. Besch.," i., pp. 183, 286 (1788); ii., 

 p. 236 (1789) ; Brahm, "Ins. Kal.," p. 239 (1791); Fab., "Ent. Sys.," iii., pi. 1, 

 p. 328 (1793) ; Don., "Brit. Ins.," vii., p. 7, pi. 254, fig. 1 (1799) ; 111., " Schmett. 

 Wien.," 2nd ed., p. 14 (1801) ; Haw., " Lep. Brit.," p. 49 (1803) ; Latr., " Hist. 

 Nat.," xiv., p. 124 (1805); Fab., "111. Mag.," p. 287 (1807); Ochs., "Die 

 Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 219 (1808) ; Latr., " Consid. Gen.," p. 208 (1810) ; Leach, 

 "Edin. Ency.," ix., p. 130 (1815); Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," hi., pt. 1, p. 759 

 {1815); Ochs., " Die Schmett.," iv., p. 34 (1816); Dalm., "Vet. Ak. Handl.," 



