194 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



xxxvii., p. 201 (1816) ; Latr., " Enc. Meth.," p. 773 (1819) ; Sam., " Ent. Comp.," 

 p. 243 (1819); Godt., "Hist. Nat.," i., p. 231, pi. xii., fig. 2 (1821); Stphs., 

 " 111. Brit. Ent.," i., p. 100 (1828) ; Bdv., " Eur. Lep. Ind.," p. 26 (1829) ; Stphs., 

 "Ins. Cat.," p. 27 (1829); Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," p. 65, pi. lv., figs. 6a-d 

 (1830); Treits., "Die Schmett.," x., p. 248 (1834); Stphs., "111.," iv., p. 405 

 (1834) ; Wood, " Ind. Meth.," p. 9, fig. 77 (1839) ; Bdv., "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," 

 p. 34 (1840); Dup., "Cat. Meth.," p. 35 (1840); Humph, and Westd., "Brit. 

 Butts.," p. 124, pi. xxxix., figs. 6-9 (1841); Evers., "Faun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 86 

 (1844) ; Dup., "Icon. Chen.," p. 215, pi. xxxi., fig. 91 (? see foodplant) (1849); 

 Stphs., "List," 1st ed., p. 22 (1850) ; Dbldy., " Syn. List," p. 2 (1850) ; Westd., 

 and Hewits., "Gen. Diurn. Lep.," p. 520 (1852); Led., " Verh. zool.-bot. 

 GeselL," ii., p. 26 (1852) ; Stphs., " List," 2nd ed., p. 20 (1856) ; Sta., " Man.," 

 i., p. 66 (1857); Speyr., " Geog. Verb.," p. 283 (1858); Hein., "Schmett. 

 Deutsch.," p. 115 (1859); Staud., "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 15 (1861); Kirby, "Eur. 

 Butts.," p. 124 (1862); Wallgrn., "Skand. Dagf.," p. 254 (1853); Snell., " De 

 Vlinders," p. 84 (1867) ; Nolck., " Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 84 (1868); Butl., "Cat. 

 Diurn. Lep.," p. 278(1869) ; Newm., "Brit. Butts.," p. 171 (1870); Frey, "Lep. 

 Schweiz," p. 55 (1880); Dale, "Brit. Butts.," p. 208 (1890) ; Barr., "Lep. Brit. 

 Isl.," p. 298, pi. xl., figs. 1-ld (1893); Bean, "Can. Ent.," xxv., pp. 145-147 

 (1893). Brontes, SohifL, " Schmett. Wien.," 1st ed., p. 160 (1775) ; Hb., " Eur. 

 Schmett.," pi., xciv., figs. 475-6, <? (1802); text, p. 71 {circ. 1805); "Larva* 

 Lep.," i., Pap. ii.. Gens E.c, figs. 1-la (circ. 1800). 



Original description. — Papilio Plebeius Urbicola palaemon. Mag- 

 nitude) et facies Papilionis metis. Alae supra fuscse, maculis crebris 

 luteis, primores magis minusue confluentibus, secundarie tribus 

 majoribus disci et per ambitum circiter senis. Subtus color e luteo 

 cinerascit. maculae priorum magis confluunt, in secundariis vero 

 macula3 pallida?, linea fuscescente inclusae, bina? ad basin, dein ternae, 

 et fascia ambitas subinterrupta. (3. Varietas datur, tota aurea, fimbriis 

 atris, sed secundariarum tamen extrema ora navis ; maculae nigra? disci 

 primorum utrinque diftbrmes quatuor et series punctorum versus 

 marginem ; reliqua, ut in specie (Pallas). 



Imago. — 27mm. -30mm. Anterior wings rather narrow, apex 

 pointed ; ground colour deep brown, thinly dusted with yellow scales, 

 and conspicuously marked with squarish yellow spots — two in discal 

 cell, one below these directly under median nervure, one inner 

 marginal near base — beyond the middle a conspicuous angulated row 

 from costa to inner margin, an outer marginal row of small interneural 

 spots ; fringes pale yellowish, inner half darker. Posterior wings with 

 similar ground colour and spots, the latter analogous with those on 

 forewing, usually one towards base, two median, an outer transverse 

 row (analogous with angulated row of forewing) ; the interneural 

 marginal series absent or inconspicuous ; fringes as in forewings. 



ISexual dimorphism. — There is practically no sexual dimorphism. 

 The 2 is perhaps a little paler than the $ . Baynor observes that 18 

 out of 20 ? s in his series are distinctly larger than the average size 

 of the c? s. 



Genitalia. — The $ genital apparatus has the upper organ with the 

 centrum a little convex, slightly compressed ; hooks as long as centrum, 

 and together as broad as the base, regularly conical, straight, bent 

 strongly downward. Clasps about two and a quarter times longer than 

 broad, quite as broad at apex as at base, the upper edge sinuous ; 

 apical tooth small, compressed, laminate, not pointed, central, interior, 

 curved slightly inward (Described from North American specimens of 

 the var. mcmdaii). The genitalia of the North American form appear 

 to differ from those of the European palaewon in that the apical tooth of the 

 clasp is bent inward a little less, in the greater stoutness of the upper 

 organ and of each of the parts, and in having the hooks much more 



