CYCLOPIDES PAL^EMON. 203 



Altogether it was 289 clays in the larval state, and of these was fixed 

 for pupation five days before changing. The larva has the power of 

 casting its excrement sideways with considerable force, sending it a 

 foot or more, undoubtedly in order to prevent it fouling its domicile. 

 Fletcher, describing the form mandan, says (Can. Ent.,xxi., p. 113), that, 

 in confinement, from the hatching-time, the larvae were great wanderers, 

 frequently leaving their foodplant, and crawling all over the glass — 

 used as a cage ; in these wanderings they spun silken paths wherever 



they went The habit was kept up through all the stages, 



. . . . and, at no time, did they construct a tent by catching- 

 several leaves together in the manner of the larvae of Pamphila mystic, P. 

 cernes, and P. Manitoba. Directly after hatching, the young larvae 

 climbed to the tops of the blades of grass and made a sort of tent by 

 catching the opposite edges together with two or three cords of silk, 

 about -| in. below the tip ; they then attacked the edges of the leaf, 

 eating down each side and leaving the midrib. When at rest, during 

 the first three stages, they retired beneath their tents and lay extended 

 along the midrib. Their habit of choosing wide-leaved species of 

 grass for food, the shape of their bodies and coloration, added to a 

 habit of lying extended down the midrib with the body closely 

 appressed, the lower part of the head protruded, and the apex drawn 

 back, caused these larvae to be well hidden from observation ; after 

 the third moult they would sometimes roll the leaf of a wide species 

 of grass, as Panicwn crusgalli, into a tube similar to those made by 

 Pamjyhila hobomok ; after the fourth moult no tent was made, the larvae 

 lying exposed on the upper surface of the leaves when at rest. After 

 attaining its full length (September 12th) it fed sparingly for about 

 two weeks, and then spun a mat of silk on the face of a blade of grass 

 and drew two other blades over it with single strands of silk ; it 

 ceased to eat, its colour changed, and it evidently meant to hybernate 

 for the winter (unfortunately in the middle of November it was 

 attacked by mould and died). 



Ontogeny of larva. — First instar (June 24th, 1891) : When 

 newly-hatched, 2mm. long ; the head large, intensely black and 

 shining ; the body cylindrical, of a creamy-white colour, including 

 the legs and claspers, and of a rough or velvety texture ; on the 

 prothorax, encircling the upper half, is a black linear or crescentic 

 collar ; there are six longitudinal series of short, fine bristles, three on 

 either side. After feeding two days, the body changes to a faint 

 bluish-green tint. The first moult occurred on July 8th. Second 

 instar (July 9th) : About 6mm. long ; the body, cylindrical and 

 slender, without markings ; the segments well-defined, and trans- 

 versely wrinkled; clothed with very short and fine hairs, most minute, 

 giving the surface a velvety appearance ; the colour is of a very pale 

 yellowish-green, in certain lights appearing of a whitish-green ; the 

 head is large, elongated, flattened above, black and shining, as also is 

 the prothoracic collar. Second moult, July 17th. Third instar: 

 12mm. long ; colour, very pale green, with a fine longitudinal medio- 

 dorsal line, a darker green, and a subdorsal green line, slightly darker 

 than the ground colour; each line is bordered by a paler stripe; the 

 head is black, mottled with pale brownish-grey on the centre of each 

 lobe, and a blotch above the mouth ; there are five glistening black 

 warts, set on a glazed collar of pale green, encircling the upper half of 



