CYCLOPIDES PAK2EM0N. 205 



days old ; length still 23 -51x1111., but more robust ; the ground colour 

 changed to a very pale primrose-yellow, the stripes of a slightly darker 

 hue, the white lateral line showing clearly, the spiracles brownish ; 

 the head, pale buff with a faint lilac tinge, a black patch above 

 the mouth, and brownish at the sides, the black ocelli and central line 

 showing as before. Later (February 9th, 1892, during hybernation) : 

 The colour had now changed to pearl-grey, and it had a f-emitrans- 

 parent appearance, the dorsal lines drab, and clearly pronounced. 

 Later (March 21st): Contracted to 18*75mm. ; the colour of a delicate 

 cream or very pale primrose, inclining to pinkish ; the lines of a pinky- 

 drab, and very clearly denned, the subdorsal lines separated by an 

 almost pure white stripe ; the head remained unaltered in colour 

 (Frohawk). 



Lakva. — Penultimate instar (?) : 19mm. long. A front view of the 

 head shows it to be very square rather than round, i.e., two sides, top 

 and bottom, flattened. The subsegmentation is noted as follows : — 

 prothorax - undivided, mesothorax and metathorax each with three 

 subsegments, the abdominal segments 1 to 7 with five subsegments, 

 the front one being rather larger than the remainder ; the 8th ab- 

 dominal has three subsegments (but the divisions are obscure and 

 there may be five), the 9th and 10th are undivided, the 10th projects 

 a long way behind the claspers, looking much like a Satyrid larva, 

 except that the projection is of the whole segment and not of two anal 

 tails. The abdominal spiracles are on the 2nd subsegment, i.e., the 

 first of the four smaller ones, although at the spiracular level this 

 subsegment widens out, encroaching on others, and spreads into the 

 lateral flange a little below the spiracle. The spiracle of the 7th 

 abdominal, and more markedly that of the 8th, is placed very dorsally. 

 The dorsal tubercles are not determinable, but below the spiracle is a 

 minute brown ring (lenticle). There is a broad subdorsal whitish 

 band, a narrower, more defined, one below this, and a less distinct one 

 lower ; in front, this is some distance above spiracles, but posteriorly, 

 where they are placed higher, they are close up to it. The prolegs 

 have complete circles (ovals) of crochets almost entirely in one row, 

 but with a smaller one or two interiorly ; there is some little 

 deficiency in the hooks on the outer margin. The larva possesses an 

 "anal comb," essentially no doubt the same appendage as that 

 described by Hofmann (Ent. Annual, 1873, p. 61) (Chapman. 

 September 5th, 1893). 



Foodplants. — Brachypodium sylvaticum (Disque), Bromus asper 

 (Frohawk), Cynosurus cristatus (Curtis). The larva? feed freely (in 

 America) on all grasses offered to them, but seemed to prefer the 

 wide-leaved species — P aniens crusgalli, P. sayiguinale, and Triticum 

 repens (Fletcher). [Plantago major (Duponchel, Stephens, etc.) is 

 erroneous. In 1832, Duponchel (Iconographie, p. 215, pi. xxxi., fig. 91) 

 notes this as the foodplant of palaemon, and figures the larva thereon. 

 Fletcher (Can. Ent., xxi., p. 113) put young larva? on this plant, but 

 they refused to eat it.] 



Puparium. — The fullfed larva spins the tops of the grass blades 

 together, forming a tent-like structure, and, along the surface of one of 

 the broadest blades, a little carpet of silk was spun, upon which it 

 rested with its head uppermost ; a silk cord also encircled its body 

 round the 4th segment. It remained fixed for pupation at least five 



