218 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



spots," his main coitus, Pyrgus, containing malvae, to which Stephens, 

 in 1835, restricted the genus (see antea, p. 85), so that Pyrgus falls, as 

 also do Thymele, Fab., and Syrichtus, Bdv., as a synonym of Hesperia, 

 Fab. (see antea pp. 84-85). This tribe of rather small species is very 

 characteristically marked, the typical form of wing-markings being that 

 so clearly seen in the tesselations of Hesperia malvae. The tribe is 

 diagnosed by Watson (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 64) as follows: — 

 Antenna with club robust, arcuate, blunt at tip, no terminal crook. Palpi sub- 

 erect ; second joint laxly clothed with longish scales, third joint slender, blunt, almost 

 concealed in scaling of second joint. Forewing with inner and outer margins 

 subequal ; cell less than two-thirds the length of costa ; nervure 12 reaching 

 costa well before the end of cell ; discocellulars suberect, the lower the longer ; 

 nervure 3, shortly before end of cell, more than twice as far from 2 as from 

 4 ; nervure 2 nearer base of wing than to end of cell. Hindwing usually 

 evenly rounded, occasionally slightly crenulate ; nervure 7 very shortly before 

 end of cell ; discocellulars and nervure 5 very faint ; nervure 3 i mm ediately 

 before end of cell ; nervure 2 nearly equidistant from base of wing and end of 

 cell. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. 



Speyer, in 1878, under the name of Scelotkrix, Eamb. (Can. Ent., 

 x., pp. 147-148, 164-169), separated the genus Hesperia, as restricted 

 in this work, from the rest of the Hesperiidi, which he described under 

 the name of Pyrgus, Hb., subdividing the latter into : — 



Sect. A. — c? with costal fold. 



(a) Stoutly built species, with deeply waved-toothed hindwings, and 



with transparent spots on the forewings — lavatherae, Esp., althaeae, 

 Hb., alceae, Esp. [Erynnis, Schrk. Type alceae.] 



(b) Hindwings more deeply dentated, or with the margins entire ; fore- 



wings without transparent spots — proto, Esp., tessellum, Hb., 

 cribrellum, Ev. [Muschampia, n. g. Type proto, Esp.] 

 Sect. B. — c? without costal fold. Hindwings slightly dentated. 



(a) Club of antenna longer than in the other species, bent behind the 



middle, and thence to tip much reduced, c? with a trace of the 

 costal fold — poggei, Led. [Sloperia, n. g. Type poggei, Led.] 



(b) Club of antenna straight or only slightly bent, rounded at tip — 



phlomidis, H.-Sch., sao, Hb., orbifer, Hb. [Powellia, n. g. Type 

 sao, Hb.] 



Watson also subdivides the group (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, 

 pp. 64-65), although his sections do not quite agree with those of 

 Speyer. He makes them fall into the following divisions, on their 

 secondary sexual characters, all of which divisions, however, appear 

 to us to have full generic value : — 



1. Male without costal fold and without tuft of hairs on hind tibiae — spio, L., 

 sataspes, Trim., zebra, Butl., galba, Fab., evanides, Butl., diomus, Hopff., osterodia, 

 Trim., dromus, Plotz, vindex, Cram., transversaliae, Trim., orbifer, Lair., sao, 

 Hb., phlomidis, H.-Sch., geron, Wats. [Powellia, n. g. Type sao, Hb.] 



2. Male with a costal fold ; no tuft of hairs on the hind tibise, but with these 

 tibiae furnished with numerous short spines — cribrellum, Evers. [Favria, n. g. 

 Type cribrellum, Evers.] 



3. Male with a costal fold but with no tuft of hairs on the hind tibise — tessellum, 

 Hiibn., gigas, Brem., nomas, Led., poggei, Led., proto, Esp., americanus, Blanch., 

 syrichtus, Fab., montivagus, Reak. [Muschampia, n. g. Type proto, Esp.] 



4. Male with a costal fold and with a tiift of hairs on hind tibia? — cashmirensis, 

 Moore, cacaliae, Ramb., serratulae, Ramb., alveus, Hb., andromedae, Wallgrn., 

 centaureae, Ramb., hypoleuco*, Led., malvae, Linn., cynaras, Ramb., carthami, Hb., 

 sidae, Esp., antonia, Spey., sinicus, Butl., maculatus, Brem., bocchoris, Hew., 

 fulvovittatus, Butl., trisignatus, Mab., asychis, (iodt. [HESPERIA, Fab. Type 

 malvae, L.] 



Watson notes that all the species of this group in which the male 

 has a tuft of hairs on the hind tibite, are also provided with a pair of 



