HESPERIA. 219 



scabbard- shaped scaly and hairy appendages, springing posteriorly 

 from the breast at the base of the hindlegs, and about one-third the 

 length of the abdomen. These appendages appear to be present in 

 the males of all genera which are provided with tufts on the hind 

 tibiae, and, when the hindlegs are drawn up, the tuft is inserted between 

 the appendages and the base of the abdomen. 



Genus : Hesperia, [Fabricius,] Cuvier. 



Synonymy. — Genus : Hesperia [-Urbicola], Fab., "Ent. Syst.," iii., 1. p. 353 

 (1793). Hesperia, Cuv., " Tabl. Elem.," p. 592 (1798) ; Latr., "Hist. Nat.," 

 xiv., p. 124 (1805) ; " Consid. Gen.," p. 208 (1810) ; Leach, "Edin. Encycl.," 

 ix., p. 130 (1815) ; Ochs., " Die Schmett.," iv., p. 34 (1816) ; Dalm., "Vet. Ak. 

 Handl.," xxxvii., p. 202 (1816); Latr., " Enc. Meth.," p. 784 (1819); Sam., "Ent. 

 Comp.," p. 242 (1819) ; Godt., " Hist. Nat.," i., p. 240 (1821) ; Bdv., " Eur. Lep. 

 Ind. Meth.," p. 26 (1829) ; Meigen, "Eur. Schmett.," p. 60 (1830) ; Dup., "Hist. 

 Nat.," supp. i., p. 257 (1832); Treits., " Die Schmett.," x., p. 247 (1834); Curtis, 

 " List," 2nd ed., p. 316 (1837); Rbr., " Lep. Faun. And.," pi. viii., fig. 15 (1839); 

 Zett., " Ins. Lapp.," p. 915 (1840); Evers., " Faun. Vo.^ -Ural," p. 84 (1844) ; 

 H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," p. 154 (1846) ; Speyer, " Geog. Verb.," p. 290 (1858) ; 

 Newm., " Brit. Butts.," p. 170(1869); Kirb., "Ent. Syn. Cat.," p. 614 (1871) ; 

 Scudd., " Proc. Am. Ac. Arts, etc.," x., pp. 187-189 (1873) ; Kirby, "Eur. Butts.," p. 63 

 (1882) ; Scudd., " Butts. New England," ii., p. 1527 (1889) ; Wats., " Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond.," p. 65 (1893) ; Meyr., " Handbook," etc., p. 356 (1895) ; Kirby, " Hand- 

 book," etc., r p. 10 (1897); Grote, "Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," p. 59 (1897) ; Staud. 

 andReb., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 97(1901); Lamb., "Pap. Belg.," p. 292 (1902). 

 [Papilio-Plebeius-] Urbicola, Linn., " Syst. Nat.," 10th ed., p. 485 (1758) ; 12th 

 ed., p. 795 (1767) ; Fab., " Syst. Ent.," p. 535 (1775) ; Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," 

 p. 345, pi. xxxvi., fig. 5 (1777) ; ii., p. 149 (1781) ; Goeze, " Ent. Beit.," ii., pt. 3, 

 p. 108(1780); Fab., "Spec. Ins.," pt. 2, p. 137(1781); Bergs., "Nomen.," p. 67, pi. 

 xl., figs. 8-9 (1780); Fab., "Mant.,"ii., p. 91 (1787); Bork., "Sys. Besch.," i., pp. 

 187, 288 (1788) ; ii., 237 (1789) ; Brahm, " Ins. Kal.," ii., p. 363 (1791) ; Haw., 

 "Lep. Brit.," p. 52 (1803). Papilio, Linn., "Faun. Suec," p. 285 (1761); 

 Scop., "Ent. Cam.," p. 181 (1763) ; Hufn., " Berl. Mag.," ii., 1, p. 66 (1766) ; 

 Fuess., " Verz.," p. 32 (1775) ; Schiff., " Schmett. Wien.," 1st ed., p. 159 (1775); 

 Retz., "Gen. et Spec," p. 31 (1783) ; Schneid., "Sys. Eur. Schmett.," p. 277 

 (1785); Geoff., " Fourc. Ent. Paris.," p. 247(1785); Don., "Brit. Ins.," xv., 

 p. 71 (1795); Hubner, "Eur. Schmett.," pi. xcii., figs. 466-7 (1802); text p. 71 

 (antea, 1805); " Larv. Lep.," i., Pap. ii., Gens E&. figs, la-d (circ. 1800) ; 111., 

 " Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., p. 143 (1801) ; Ochs., " Die Schmett.," L, 1, p. 208 

 (1808); Freyer, " Neu. Beit. Schmett.," iv., p. 126 (1842). [Papilio-] Plebeius, 

 Mull., " Faun. Frid.," p. 37 (1764). Pamphila, Fab., " 111. Mag.," p. 287 (1807). 

 Thymale, Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," L, p. 758 (1815). Pyrgus, Hb., "Verz.," 

 p. 109 (1816) ; Stphs., "Illus.," iv., p. 405 (1834) ; Humph, and Westd., "Brit. 

 Butts.," p. 120 (1841) ; Stphs., "List," 1st ed., p. 21 (1850) ; Westd. and Hew., 

 " Gen. Diurn. Lep.," p. 517 (1852); Stphs., " List," 2nd ed., p. 19 (1856); Kirby, 

 "Eur. Butts.," p. 119 (1861) ; Butl., " Cat. Diurn. Lep.," p. 282 (1869) ; Buhl, 

 "Pal. Gross. -Schmett.," i., pp. 677, 831 (1895). Thymele, Stphs., "111. Brit. Ent.," 

 i., p. 97 (1828); " Ins. Cat.," p. 26 (1829); Wood, " Ind. Ent.," p. 9 (1839); Sta., 

 " Man.," L, p. 65 (1857). Syrichtus, Bdv., " Icones," etc., p. 231 (1832) ; Dup., 

 "Cat. Meth.," p. 36 (1845); De Vill. and Guenee, "Tabl. Syn. Lep. Eur.," p. 120 

 (1835) ; Wallgrn., " Skand. Dagf.," p. 274 (1853) ; Hein., " Schmett. Deutsch.," 

 p. 113 (1859); Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," p. 215 (1874); Auriv., "Nord. Fjar.," 

 p. 41 (1888). Syricthus, Bdv., "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 37 (1840); Led., "Verb, 

 zool.-bot. Ges.," ii., p. 26 (1852): Kane, "Eur. Butts.," p. 143 (1885); Dale, 

 "Brit. Butts.," p. 222 (1890). Syrichthus, Dblday., " Syn. List," p. 2 (1850) ; 

 Snell., " De Vlind.," i., p. 81 (1867) ; Nolck., " Lep. Faun. Estl.," p. 82 (1868) ; 

 Staud., "Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 34 (1871); Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 53 (1880); 

 Lang, "Butts. Eur.," p. 344 (1884); Barr., "Lep. Brit. Isl.," p. 268 (1893); Tutt, 

 " Brit. Butts.," p. 122 (1896). Scelotrix, Ramb., " Cat. Lep. And.," p. 76 (1858). 

 Scelothrix, Speyer, " Can. Ent.," x., pp. 148, 166 (1878). 



In 1793, Fabricius (Ent. Syst., iii., p. 258) separated the Ruraiids 

 and Urbicolids from the rest of the butterflies under the name 



