HESPERIA MALViE. 233 



appear to feed chiefly before 9 a.m. and after 5 p.m. In the later 

 stages, they eat the whole substance of the leaf, and the long white 

 hairs of the strawberry leaves were very conspicuous in their excre- 

 ment. On August 13th most of the larvae appeared to be fullfed. They 

 were then more uniform, more indefinite in tint, the bands and mark- 

 ings being less conspicuous, and the green colour in some individuals 

 pervaded all the lateral, and approached the dorsal, area. Two days 

 later the first cocoon was spun ; the larvae leaving their tents and 

 wandering about the crumpled paper at the bottom of the jar, finally 

 went down between the folds of the paper and spun their cocoons. Two 

 which were kept in a glass tube spun-up in their tents (Sich). Lewin, 

 in 1795, noted that the larvae webbed the edges of bramble leaves 

 together, and from the cover came out a little way to feed, but that 

 the least motion of the leaves caused them to retreat, and if much 

 alarmed, to fall to the ground. He, however, erroneously notes them 

 as fullfed, and pupating, in April. 



Larva. — First instar (newly-hatched) : About 2mm. long ; head 

 and prothoracic plate, as well as true legs and middle of anal plate, 

 black ; the rest cinereous. Tubercles i and ii placed widely apart, each 

 carrying a forked hair ; iii is in normal position, also with a forked 

 hair, but, instead of the branches being curved apart so as to be nearly 

 in the same plane, parallel to the larval surface, they stand up so as 

 to make the hair Y-shaped ; the stem is also rather shorter than in i 

 and ii ; they are about Olmm. high, a trifle longer measured across 

 the curved branches ; those on i and ii are rather larger but do not 

 stand quite so high owing to their bent-down tips ; those on tubercles 

 iv and v are not quite so long and are simple hairs, the anterior rather 

 the higher. There are no other hairs except two (three ?) on the base of 

 the prolegs. The head has certain simple hairs, those on the prothorax 

 are also simple, the black plate carries five (six ?) on either side. The 

 prothoracic spiracle stands up as a high cone ; in front of it is a tubercle 

 with three (simple) hairs, at the bases of the legs are two hairs. On 

 the meso- and metathorax are four hairs on each side in line across 

 the dorsum, of these the two inner are forked ; round the anal plate 

 are several simple hairs. The general surface is closely studded with 

 minute brown points, for the most part arranged in longitudinal rows. 

 On the dorsum of the 9th abdominal segment are two dark round marks, 

 they have the appearance of hard scutella. The anal plate has a dark 

 central mark, longitudinal, and below it is an anal comb of about thirteen 

 teeth. Beneath, there appear to be no hairs between those on tuber- 

 cles iv and v to those at the base of the legs, which are on the 1st abdo- 

 minal two hairs, one in front of the other ; at the same point on the 2nd 

 abdominal the two hairs are in transverse position ; on the 7th abdo- 

 minal there is only one, on the 8th abdominal also, but it is further from 

 the middle line, on the 9th it is further back ; there is another small 

 hair nearer the middle in the same transverse line with the other 

 hairs on the 1st, 2nd, 7th and 8th abdominals, but in front of it on 

 the 9th abdominal. The prolegs are practically complete circles, with 

 an outer front half of about ten small crochets, and an inner posterior 

 one of about six much larger ones. The claspers have about fourteen 

 crochets of nearly uniform size (June 27th, 1905). Second instar: 

 Head and prothoracic plate black, the rest dark chocolate, relieved by 

 the white bases to the white or colourless hairs ; these are now very 



