242 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



Urbicolid larvaa (Thymelicus acteon, etc.). This efflorescence is dense and 

 very white round the spiracle, and varies much in different specimens 

 as to how far and how thickly it spreads over the wing-cases, antennae 

 and legs. It is probably a protection against wet, as when the pupa is 

 dipped in water, those portions with the efflorescence, and those alone, 

 come out dry. The peculiar (mammalian) eye-like effect of the glazed 

 eye only appears when the pupa is closely examined, but the 

 resemblance of these spiracles to eyes is very obvious — the black lid 

 of the spiracle (somewhat oval), the white efflorescence around, and 

 the red hairs above it — and this effect is not much diminished when 

 the efflorescence extends to some distance. In looking at the back of 

 the pupa under a lens, so as to see both the head and thorax, the striae 

 of the dorsal headpiece, and a similar series in front of it, are very 

 noticeable. The mesothorax is 3mm. long in the middle line, hollowed 

 out behind at either side ; its sculpturing is rather a set of separate 

 pits than the wrinkling of the head and prothorax ; on the abdominal 

 segments the sculpturing is almost entirely pitting. The hairs arise 

 from some of these pits, but others that look just the same are 

 without them. The general surface is of a terracotta colouring (with 

 underlying green), and these pits are deep red-brown, and, to the 

 naked eye very largely modify the colouring. They look as if a wash 

 of their colour had been given to the whole pupa, and then rubbed off 

 except in these hollows. The metathorax is narrow in the middle, 

 wide laterally. In colouring it is marked off from the hindwings very 

 sharply, the outer end of the segment being deep brown -black, the 

 wing luteous. The 1st abdominal segment is divided into two (except 

 at the ends) by a transverse depressed line. The 2nd and 3rd, and 

 7th and 8th abdominals have a posterior subsegment, smoother and 

 paler than the anterior portion, the two portions looking very similar 

 to the segment and intersegmental membrane on the 4th, 5th and 6th 

 abdominals, except that the posterior portion carries hairs. The 

 sculpturing of these is small dark pits, some of which carry the brown 

 hairs. The 4th abdominal segment requires special notice on account 

 of its form. It is much narrower behind than in front, its anterior 

 and posterior margins are not parallel as in the other abdominal 

 segments, but separate ventrally, so as largely to account for the 

 dorsal position of the remaining segments. A large part of the front 

 of the segment is covered by the wings, but the outline of what is 

 visible shows that it is nearly twice as wide ventrally as dorsally. 

 The 8th, 9th and 10th abdominal segments are paler than the others 

 and a little smoother. The others are also rather less markedly pitted 

 ventrally than dorsally. On the dorsum, the black markings, yet to 

 be described, differ from the rest of the surface only in colour; this is 

 not so ventrally, certain dark markings on the 5th and 6th abdominals 

 being smooth and free from pittings, and marked off as slightly sunk 

 or raised. These are — on the 5th abdominal — a transverse mark rather 

 behind middle of segment, almost, but not quite, continuous with a 

 darker circular mark beyond its extremity that might be the scar of 

 the prolegs, but is perhaps a little too far out. There is no transverse 

 mark on the 6th abdominal, but the prolegs (?) marks are repeated ; 

 there is another smaller mark higher up and further out. On the 

 small ventral portion of the 4th abdominal not covered by the wings, 

 are three similar marks. The dark markings of the dorsum do not 



