HESPERIA MALViE. 243 



appear to differ very much on different pupae. There is a dorsal 

 series, which, on each abdominal segment, forms a large central blotch, 

 but becomes smaller forwards, and, on the mesothorax, is represented 

 by spots on either side, of which there are two pairs, one about the 

 middle and one behind, a third pair is perhaps represented by a dark 

 hindmargin to the centre of the segment. Then there is a subdorsal 

 line (between probable positions of ii and iii) which is a band on 

 mesothorax, but divides into a series of spots towards the front of 

 each segment, usually with a little line behind each. Then round the 

 spiracles are dark blotches, a large one in front, and smaller ones, or 

 rather spots, one above, another below, and one behind. In both sexes, 

 the 9th abdominal segment is moderately broad dorsally, but laterally 

 is nearly evanescent, and continues round the ventral aspect as an 

 extremely narrow strip, and, in the male, this strip cannot be easily 

 distinguished from the 10th abdominal segment; it carries in the male 

 a minute impressed line, medially ventrally, with slightly raised 

 surrounding area. A smooth area (of 10th abdominal) separates this 

 from the similar, but much larger, anal scar. This has, in both 

 sexes, some cross wrinkles and folds. In the female, the appear- 

 ance is as if the impressed line of the 9th abdominal segment 

 was longer, and obtained the extra length by the retreat of the 8th 

 abdominal segment in the middle line. The cremaster itself 

 is a dense bundle of thick hairs, so closely packed that they seem 

 absolutely solid, and cannot be counted, 30 or 40 perhaps ; a few 

 stand out a little longer than the others; each ends in a rounded 

 hook always facing inwards towards the centre of the bundle. It 

 remains to note the appendages. These — legs, wings, antennae, etc. — 

 are of a lighter colour than the rest of the pupa, due to more delicate 

 texture and the green tissues beneath showing through, so that they 

 are of an olive-green, with a slight brownish tint, and, in some cases, 

 with some snow-white efflorescence, almost always more near the wing- 

 bases, and on the antennae near the first spiracle. They are without 

 any hairs, and contrast herein also with the rest of the pupa. The 

 brown is largely made up by the darker colour in the lines and grooves 

 of the sculpturing, which is, therefore, colouring also. Except over 

 the broad bases of the maxillae, where it is longitudinal and netted, 

 the lines of colour are nearly all transverse and zebra-like, but differing 

 on each organ, and, on the wings, modified by the venation. The 

 maxillae begin as broad plates, and, narrowing at first, rapidly pass down 

 to the ends of the wings at the posterior border of the 4th abdominal. 

 In front, where they abut against the mandibles, they are still quite 

 ventral, but the mandibles above them are not so, but are involved in 

 the curve of the anterior end of the pupa. The 1st and 2nd legs have 

 each about the same margin against the eyes, so that the 1st is well 

 separated from the antenna. The 1st reach about half-way to end of 

 maxillae, the 2nd more than three-fourths. The end of the antenna 

 reaches to about midway between these two points. The antennal 

 club is about as obvious as in the imago ; the joints are strongly 

 outlined, basally they have four or five lines (brown impressed) on each, 

 then these get fewer till at the base of club there are two, then one, and on 

 the club itself, none. On the wing, the veins are all well marked, in paler, 

 hardly raised, lines - lb, lc, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11. The costal 

 vein only is not seen (covered by antenna ?). There is also a medio- 



