HESPERIA MALViE. 245 



brood in Britain, but even such late captures as July 16th, 1902, at 

 Chattenden (Burrows), and August 2nd, 1902, at Thundersley 

 (Whittle), were, in such a backward year as 1902, possibly only late 

 emergences from winter pupae. The effect of latitude and altitude is 

 very remarkable, for, at moderate elevations, 3500ft. -5000ft. in Aragon, 

 Cantabria, the Italian, Swiss and French alps, as well as in the 

 Cevennes, the Pyrenees, and the Tyrol, the end of June, July, and 

 early August, are frequent dates, whilst, on the Kiviera, and the warm 

 lowland spots of the Mediterranean littoral, the earliest imagines are 

 to be seen on the wing by the middle of March. Some general notes 

 may be interesting as illustrating this, e.g., it occurs from early May 

 (in the Christiania district), to July (at Siredal) and August (at Ose) in 

 Norway (Strand) ; throughout the lowlands in Switzerland, from the end 

 of April to the end of May and later, but, in the mountains, until quite 

 late in July (Frey) ; in the neighbourhood of Geneva, from the beginning 

 of May to the end of June (Biachier) ; in the Balkans also, it occurs at 

 rather high elevations well into July (Rebel) ,and , in Sicily, although out in 

 early April in the warm lowlying parts, it occurs in July on the Madonie 

 Mountains at considerable elevation (4500ft.) (Palumbo) ; in April, at 

 Florence (Rowland-Brown). Dupont notes it as occurring as early as 

 April 6th, in 1893 (compare British dates for this year), but not seen 

 until the commencement of June, in 1902, at Pont de l'Arche, and, in 

 the latter year, Moore says that it abounded, in the neighbourhood of the 

 Foret d'Arques, from June 26th-30th, 1902; in Ille-et-Vilaine, it 

 occurs in May, but at Chamonix, in June and July, at Uriage in June, on 

 the Mont Revard in July, at Cauterets also in July, at St. Martin Vesubie 

 in June, but at Vernet-les-Bains, in April, May, June, July and August 

 (Oberthiir) (Standen took it at Vernet between June 17th-27th, 1905); 

 whilst at Digne it occurs in early April, and, along the French Riviera — 

 Hyeres, Auribeau, etc. — the earliest examples are on the wing before the 

 end of March (Tutt). In the Russian Government Wolgoda, it is common 

 in June (Kroulikowsky) ; at Broussa, it occurs in April and early May 

 (Fountain e); and in May and June on the Lebanon Mountains (Nicholl); 

 in Crete, it occurs in June (Mathew); June is also recorded for Alsasua, 

 in Spain (Oberthiir) ; June is given for the Albarracin district (Zapater 

 and Korb) ; whilst at the Puerto de Pajares, at a height of 4500ft., on 

 the Cantabrian Mountains, it was well out between July 3rd-22nd, 

 1904 (Chapman), and high in the mountains of Aragon, a small 

 form occurred about mid- July (Nicholl); whilst, even at Montserrat, June 

 16th, 1905, was the date on which it was taken (Standen). On the 

 Stelvio, it was observed in mid- July (Rowland-Brown). Double- 

 broodedness is recorded — -for Roumania, in May and September (Fleck) ; 

 the Italian Apennines, near Boscolungo, in April and August (Norris) ; 

 thedept. of Indre,May 20th-26th, and August 5th-October 3rd (Martin); 

 May and again July- August in Prussia (Schmidt) ; May- June and August, 

 commonly in Pomerania (Paul and Plotz) ; May and June in Hamburg, 

 and then September (Tessien) ; May and July at Gottingen (Jordan) ; 

 April-May and July- August at Crefeld (Rothke) ; May and August in 

 Hesse-Nassau (Schenck) ; May and July in Frankfort-on-Main (Koch) ; 

 May-Jnne and July-August in the Berlin district (Bartel) ; April-June 

 and August in Upper Lusatia (Moschler) ; in the lowlands of Silesia in 

 May and August, in the mountains only in June (Wocke) ; May and 

 July- August at Chemnitz (Pabst) ; May, June and August in Bavaria 

 (Hofmann and Herrich-Schaffer) ; May-June and August in Wiirttem- 



