HESPERIA MALVjE. 251 



and among the heather near Farnborough (Eothschild). Rowland-Brown 

 found it in woods at Susa, and we have ourselves taken it in the earliest 

 spring in the lush meadows at Auribeau, on the cistus- and thyme-clad 

 slopes at Carqueiranne, the rough grassy openings in the arbutus- 

 woods behind the castle at Hyeres, the grassy garden-paths at 

 Draguignan, and breaks in the bush-covered slopes of Nismes and 

 Digne, during the last few days of March, and on through April. In 

 Switzerland, it occurs all through the lowlands, but goes up the 

 valleys, in some places commonly, to 6000ft., whilst it is met with 

 singly up to 7000ft. (Frey). In Bosnia and Hercegovma it appears to 

 be common up to about 5000ft. elevation (Rebel), and also in the Rilo 

 mountains, in Bulgaria (Nicholl). Although abundant in the plains, 

 it reaches an elevation of about 4500ft. in the Madonie mountains of 

 Sicily (Palumbo), and, in Tuscany, it occurs throughout the plains, 

 hills and mountains (Stefanelli). At Pont de 1' Arche it prefers the 

 forest region (Dupont), and, in the neighbourhood of the Foret 

 d'Arques, near Dieppe, it swarmed on the hillsides in late June (26th- 

 30fch), and was also abundant in the ridings of the forest (Moore). In 

 the Albarracin district of Spain, it occurs in the dingles and ravines of 

 Losilla, in the gardens of Moscardon, and by roadsides, and in the 

 lanes of the valley of Masegar (Zapater and Korb). Nearness to 

 rivers is noted by several authors — the banks of the Wiese in Alsace 

 (Peyerimhoft), the right bank of the Meuse (Sibille). We note that 

 in Hesse, H. malvae flies in spring and summer, generally on rather 

 bare places, roads, or rubbish heaps, also in hot sunshine on damp 

 paths, most commonly, however, on bare thistle-covered slopes 

 (Glaser). In Waldeck, in sunny openings in woods, pastures, roads, 

 etc., common from April (1862, as early as the 10th), or beginning of 

 May, till mid- June (Speyer). In Denmark it is common in openings 

 in woods and on peat moors, in fields and pastures ; in May and 

 beginning of June, only one brood (Bang-Haas). In Esthonia, in May, 

 in damp meadows and bushy places, and on the moors (Peters). 

 In Kurland, only in dry places (Slevogt). In Livonia, from beginning 

 of May into June, in scattered woodlands, in meadows, and in grassy 

 spots in woods, sunning itself low in the grass, but very shy 

 (Nolcken). In Pomerania, it prefers grassy places (Hering); open spots in 

 woods in Mecklenburg, where it is often abundant (Schmidt); near 

 Friedland it is common on pastures and in copses (Stange) ; whilst it 

 prefers woods and sandy slopes in Schleswig-Holstein (Boie) ; at 

 Bremen, it prefers woody slopes (Rehberg); and in Hanover, woodlands 

 are favoured (Glitz) ; although at Elberfeld and Crefeld it prefers 

 flowery meadows ; it is also abundant throughout the Rhine Provinces 

 on the embankments of the Rhine, and its tributary streams, as well 

 as in the adjacent meadows (Rothke) ; at Wiesbaden it prefers wooded 

 districts (Rossler) ; as is also the case at Cassel (Borgmann) ; in 

 Thuringia, it goes up into the valleys of the higher mountains, being 

 sometimes abundant in the forest clearings (Krieghoff) ; whilst in the 

 kingdom of Saxony it also goes up into the mountain-meadows (Speyer); 

 in Silesia, it extends from the wood-clearings, thickets and marshes of the 

 lowlands, up to the high mountain valleys, etc. (Wocke). In the province 

 of Saxony it prefers flowery meadows near woods, and the woodland 

 paths of the Mosigkauer Haide, and is common in May and June, 

 whilst a second, but much less abundant brood, flies in the same 



