NISONIADIDI. 257 



and how very distinct others are that were supposed to be doubtfully 

 separable. He notes of their structure that " the dermal appendages 

 of the 3" , concealed in the costal fold of the forewing, consist of long, 

 basally pediform, bristles, sometimes replaced by slender, sublanceo- 

 late, flagellate, androconia, or by slender twisted ribbons ; sometimes 

 accompanied also by rod-like bristles, occasionally two-pronged at tip, 

 and by small, apple-seed-shaped, androconia." 



The differences between the Nisoniadid and Hesperiid eggs are well 

 shown in our pi. iii., fig. 1 (Xisoniades tayes) and fig. 2 (Hesperia malvae), 

 and these differences would appear to be constant between the groups, as 

 the American Nisoniadid eggs are described as " very short, sugar-loaf- 

 shaped, with a moderate number of straight, not very prominent, vertical 

 ribs, extending from base to micuopyle, the surface between them 

 depressed in regular curves, traversed also by numerous, delicate, trans- 

 verse, raised lines ; the micropylar rosette a little depressed, consisting of a 

 few rather large, roundish-oval or kite-shaped plates, surrounding a 

 central minute circle, and bounded by a number of oval, angular cells, 

 the outermost larger than the others." 



We may here add a note of Doherty's (Journ. As. Soc. Beng., lv., 

 pt. 2, p. 113), who says that " a kind of hermaphroditism seems to 

 occur sometimes in the Hesperiadae. From the body of apparent $ s 

 of Suastus eltola and of Coladenia dan, both having perfect prehensores 

 of the form characteristic of their respective species, I obtained one 

 or two well-developed eggs, exactly similar to those taken from the ? s 

 of the same species ; also, from a $ of Suastus toona (the egg of that 

 species being, except for this, unknown to me) I obtained a single, 

 immature, blood-red egg.'' Doherty's knowledge of butterfly eggs was 

 so extensive that we are astonished some remarks on this statement 

 have not been made. 



The larvse are slow and sluggish in their habits, and their genera 

 appearance and structure are well illustrated by our figure of Nisoniades 

 tages (yostea) ; the large head, the constricted prothorax, the plump and 

 arched body, and the prothoracic dorsal shield, are all characteristic. 

 In the early stages, the seta3 i, ii, iii, iv and v are expanded apically, 

 those of the upper rows being much more so than the others; the sub- 

 spiracular hairs of the prothorax, like those of the head, being but 

 slightly expanded. These expanded bristles are to be found (at least up 

 to the 4th instar), and are described and figured by Chapman (Ent. Rec, 

 xvii., pp. 281-2, pi. xi). He observes that the larva of N. tages, in 

 its first instar, has a transparent hair with clubbed end, divided into 

 several points, assuming more or less a fan- shape, whilst, in the 4th 

 instar, the larva possesses hairs of a trumpet -shape, as well-developed 

 as those of the pupa of Chrysophanus phlaeas, and very different from 

 the more baton-like hairs of the earlier instars. The trumpet-hairs 

 stand upright, are transparent, and very minute, only 0-03min. to 

 0*04mm. high, but appear to be definitely of trumpet or calyx form, at 

 their bases of origin about O-OOomm.-O'OOTmm. wide, and spreading 

 out at the top to a fimbriated, or spiculated, circular margin, O02mm.- 

 # 03mm. across, the central opening apparently reaching quite to the 

 base. These bases are the ordinary raised rings, with circles of 

 articulation in the centre, found at the base of all ordinary tubercular- 

 or skin-hairs; they are, however, very small (0'02mm. across), not 

 wider than three skin -points. Scudder observes that, after the 4th instar, 



