260 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



pi. xci., figs. 8-4 (1780); Goze, "Exit. Beitrage," ii., pi. 3, p. 110 (1780) ; Fab., 

 " Mant.," p. 92 (1787) ; Bork., " Sys. Besch.," i., pp. 188, 288 (1788) ; Brahm, 

 " Ins. Kal.," ii., p. 363 (1791); Haw., " Lep. Brit.," p. 51 (1803). Papilio, Linn., 

 " Faun. Suec," p. 286 (1761); Scop., "Ent. Cam,," p. 181 (1763); Fuess., " Verz.," 

 p. 32 (1775); Setoff., " Schmett. Wien.," 1st ed., p. 159 (1775); Bott., "Nat.," 

 vi., p. 31 (1775) ; Harris, " Eng. Lep.," p. 6 (1775); Schneider, "Sys. Besch. 

 Eur. Schmett.," p. 278 (1785); Geoff., " Fourc. Ent. Paris.," p. 247 (1785); 

 Lewin, "Insects," etc., p. 94, pi. xlv., figs. 3-4 (1795); Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," 

 pi. xci., figs. 4-7, p. 70 (1802) ; "Larvae," etc., Lep. i., Pap. ii., Gens Ea., figs. 

 2a-h (circ. 1802) ; 111., " Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., p. 143 (1801); Ochs., "Die 

 Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 214 (1808) ; Godt., "Hist. Nat.," L, p. 241, pi. xii sec, 

 fig. 4 (1821). [Hesperia=J Urbicola, Fab., " Ent. Sys.," iii., pt. 1, p. 354 (1783). 

 Erynnis, Schrank, "Faun. Boica," ii., 1, p. 158 (1801); Bamb., "Faun. And.," 

 p. 311 (1837) ; " Cat. Lep. And.," p. 83 (1858) ; Nolck., " Lep. Faun. Estl.," p. 

 82 (1868). Hesperia, Latr., " Hist. Nat.," xiv., p. 124 (1805) ; "Consid. Gen.," 

 p. 208 (1810) ; Leach, " Edin. Ency.," ix., p. 130 (1815) ; Ochs., " Die Schmett.," 

 iv., p. 34 (1816) ; Dalm., " Vet. Ak. Hand.," xxxvii., p. 204 (1816) ; Latr., " Enc. 

 Meth.," ix., p. 780 (1819) ; Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 26 (1829) ; Meig., 

 "Eur. Schmett.," p. 63, pi. Iv., fig. 4a (1830); Treits., "Die Schmett.," x., p. 

 248 (1834); Evers., "Faun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 85 (1844); H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," 

 p. 158(1846); Dup., "Icon. Chen.," p. 219, pi. xxxii., fig. 93 (1849); Speyer, 

 "Geog. Verb. Schmett.," p. 297 (1858); Newm., "Brit. Butts.," p. 170 (1869) ; 

 Meyr., " Handbook, p. 357 (1895). Thymele, Fab., "111. Mag.," p. 287 (1807) ; 

 Stphs., "Illus. Brit. Ent.," p. 98 (1828); Stphs., "Ins. Cat.," p. 26 (1829); 

 Wood, "Ind. Ent.," p. 7, fig. 76 (1839); Westd., "Gen. Syn.," p. 88 (1840). 

 Thymale, Oken, "Lehrb. Zool.," p. 758 (1815). Thanaos, Bdv., "Gen. et Ind. 

 Meth.," p. 37 (1840); Dup., "Cat. Meth.," p. 38 (1845); Dbldy., "Syn. List," 

 p. 2 (1850) ; Led., " Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell.," p. 26 (1852); Sta., "Man.," i., p. 

 66(1857); Wallgrn., " Skand. Dagf.," p. 279 (1853); Auriv., " Bidrag Svensk. 

 Akad. Handling.," v., p. 32 (1880); Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 54 (1880); 

 Buck., " Larvae Brit. Butts.," L, p. 126, pi. xvi., fig. 3 (1886); Watson, " Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond.," p. 69 (1893); Grote, "Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," p. 59 

 (1897) ; Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 98 (1901) : Lambln., " Pap. Belg.," p. 295 (1902). 

 Syrichtus, Hein., " Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 114 (1859). Syrichthus, Snell., 

 "De Vlinders," etc., p. 82 (1867). Thanaus, Kirby, "Handbook," etc., iii., p. 

 13 (1897). 



This genus contains a number of closely- allied species, chiefly 

 North American. The original description of the genus reads 

 (Verzeichniss, p. 108) as follows : — 



The wings above dusted with grey, marked with white spots — Nisoniades 

 bromius, St oil. ; N. mimas, Cram. ; N. zephodes, Hb. ; N. juvenis, Hb. (jure??aZis, 

 Abb.) ; N. tages, Linn., Syst. Pap., 268 ; Hb., Pap., 456, 457 ; N. aurispex, Hb. ; 

 N. ophion, Stoll. 



Of these species, Hiibner had already figured and described tages, 

 an insect well-known to him, and it is, without doubt, the type of the 

 genus. For the rest, the species are hopelessly heterogeneric. The 

 type was actually fixed as tages in 1834, and confirmed, in 1850, by 

 Stephens. Thanaos, Bdv., often used as a separate genus for marloyi, 

 had its type specified as tages by Blanchard, in 1836, Boisduval having 

 already, in 1836, figured this species under this name. Thanaox, there- 

 fore, falls as a synonym of Nisoniades, Staudinger and most other 

 authors place in the same genus the divergent forms, tages (<? with 

 costal fold) and marloyi ($ without costal fold). Speyer, however 

 (Can. Ent., x., pp. 148, 169-170), separates them, with some doubt, 

 a doubt we do not share. His diagnoses of the two groups reads as 

 follows : — 



Antennae half as long as the forewings, their club somewhat compressed, 

 slender, gradually diluted, and then narrowed, and more or less acutely prodi 

 regularly curved, lunate-falcate. Locklet long. Palpi projecting upon the front and 

 nearly twice the length of the eyes, with long and thick hairs, but less coarse than 



