262 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



contains a trachea with air. A section through the wing at once also 

 clears up all doubt. It certainly would be impossible for the $ to 

 open and close the costal fold, if just this very rib were wanting. 

 In the $ , this rib is covered on the upperside with scales (c), all of 

 which have their apices directed backwards from the costal margin. 

 The anterior, which are, therefore, also the upper ones, are the longest, 

 and cover all the rest, which gradually become shorter. As the large 

 scales, situated on the edge of the costa, lie in quite an opposite direction, 

 there is a sharp boundary between these two parts, like a hair-parting, 

 where one sees (fig. 246, 256) a narrow margin of the outermost, quite 

 naked, portion of the wing-membrane. Along the dorsal side of the 

 costal nervure, the wing-membrane is, for a width which is almost 

 equal to that of the costal nervure, almost wholly naked, being covered 

 only with very small and short scale rudiments (d), the reason of this 

 is easy to understand when one observes the fold in its closed (folded) 

 condition. Here the costal nervure finds good space when bent inwards, 

 and here the hinge of the fold is found, namely, just behind the swell- 

 ing of the costal vein. Behind the naked space lies a fourth area (e), 

 which is also just as wide as the last two. This space is almost entirely 

 covered by the large covering- scales which stand up behind it. It is 

 the spot where the androconial scales are fastened. These (fig. 23) are 

 here quite fine, like hairs. . . . This genus, therefore, differs very 

 much from the preceding (Hesperia) in the shape of the male scales, 

 while the costal fold otherwise is formed in the same manner in both 

 genera." 



Nisoniades tages, Linne. 



Synonymy. — Species: Tages, Linn., " Syst. Nat.," 10th ed., p. 485(1758): 

 12th ed., p. 795 (1767); "Faun. Suec," p. 286 (1761); Fab., " Sys. Ent.," p. 535 

 (1775); Fuess.,"Verz.,"p. 32 (1775); Schi£f.,"Schmett.Wien.," 1st ed.,p. 159(1775), 

 etc. Morio, [var.] Scop., " Ent. Cam.," p. 181 (excl.cit. Koesel) (1763). Geryon, 

 Rott., " Naturf.," vi., p. 31, no. 19 (1775). Tajes, Bork., " Sys. Besch.," i., p. 288 

 (1788). Cervantes, [var.] Grasl., " Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.," p. 558, pi. 17, b., 1, 2 

 (1836) ; Ramb., " Faun. And.," p. 311 (1839) ; " Cat. Lep. And.," p. 83 (1858) ; 

 Frr., " Neu. Beit.," p. 417, fig. 3 (1845). Unicolor, [var.] Freyer, " Neu. Beit.," 

 vi., p. 37, pi. 505, fig. 1 (1852); Staud., " Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross.," vii., p. 86 (1870). 

 [N.B. — All other references mentioned under the generic synonymy (antea, pp. 

 259-260) are referable to tages.] 



Original description. — Papilio Plebeius tct(/es. Alis denticulatis 

 divaricatis fuscis obsolete albo-punctatis. " Fn. Suec," 1082 ; Geoff., 

 " Paris.," 2, p. 68, no. 39. Habitat in Europa. Similis P. malvae, sed 

 magis fuscus (Linne, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., p. 485). [Papilio ta</es alis 

 subdenticulatis divaricatis fuscis obsolete albo-punctatis. Habitat in 

 pratis rarius. Descr. Parvus prrecedentis (malvae) magnitudine. 

 Caput pilosum. Al?e fuscre, utrinque adspersn? punctis albidis obsoletis 

 (Fauna Suecicae, 2nd ed., p. 286). 



Imago. — 26mm. -32mm. Anterior wings dull brown in colour; the 

 outer margin narrowly darker ; a more or less broken transverse band 

 of darker brown longitudinal spots before, and another similar one 

 beyond, the middle ; the space between, and narrowly on either side of, 

 these bands, pale grey ; a row of tiny white spots on the extreme outer 

 margin; two or three other small white costal dots quite close together 

 on the inner edge of the outer (elbowed) transverse band ; the fringes 

 of the same tint as the ground colour shaded with white basally. 

 Posterior wings of the same tint as the darker bands of the forewings; 



