NISONIADES TAGES. 275 



prothorax are — one in the centre of each side plate (which is of same 

 colour as rest of larva, but differently sculptured), one in front of (and 

 above) spiracle, one below (and in front of) spiracle ; the mesothorax 

 has the two last described of these ; the metathorax has a dorsal one 

 also, and an additional one behind the second. On the abdominal 

 segments the lenticles are the same, but the 2nd is often wanting, and 

 on the 1st and 2nd abdominal segments are two large ones, one 

 above the other, lower down, and in line with the spiracle. 

 The small hairs are trumpet-shaped, as in pupa of Chrysophanus 

 pklaeas (Chapman). Fourth instar (full-grown): Length 12mm.; 

 width of head l*7mm. Head very large, suture deep. Colour black, 

 with two small greenish spots on the crown. The head is covered with 

 raised lines or ridges, forming cells of very irregular shape. In each 

 cell, one, two, or even three, small, black tubercles are present, each 

 carrying a soft white hair, plain on one side and serrated, or perhaps 

 better described as plumose, on the other. On the head are also several 

 much longer, stouter setae, ending in a sharp point, and rising from 

 larger tubercles. Prothorax narrower than the head, and consists of 

 four ? subsegments. The prothoracic shield not very conspicuous, 

 divided by a mediodorsal line, and also by a transverse crease. It 

 carries two dark- bordered circular lenticles and numerous warts, each 

 bearing a glassy-looking seta, expanded into a cup at the apex, with a 

 denticulated border. Below the shield is another lenticle, and 

 immediately below this is a wart, which bears a very long hair-like 

 seta (0-3mm.). Below the wart lies a third lenticle, and behind this 

 the very large oval ochreous-brown spiracle. Between the spiracle and 

 the leg is a fourth lenticle. The lenticles of this species have a raised, deep, 

 black, shining border, with apparently a flat diaphragm-like plate below. 

 They remind the observer exactly of a microscopical shellac cell, with 

 the cover-glass in position. The meso- and metathorax have four 

 subsegments ; the mesothorax is furnished with a lenticle on the 

 dorsum not far from the mediodorsal line, a lateral lenticle below this, 

 and a third on the flange. Behind the lateral lenticle is a wart with 

 a very long hair (seta). The metathorax is similarly furnished, but the 

 wart and long hair (seta) are absent, and a second lateral lenticle takes 

 their place, so that there are two lateral lenticles on the metathorax, 

 one behind the other, and below these the lenticle on the flange. The 

 1st and 2nd abdominal segments have five subsegments, the 1st larger 

 than the rest. On the 1st subsegment are the two dorsal lenticles, one 

 on each side of the mediodorsal line. On the 2nd subsegment is the 

 ochreous, rather elevated, spiracle, with a lenticle above it. Below 

 the spiracle, on the flange, are two lenticles, one behind the other. 

 Below these, on the venter, are four lenticles, arranged in two pairs, 

 each pair occupying the space on which the clasper would grow if these 

 segments bore claspers. The 3rd abdominal is similar, but the claspers 

 take the place of the two pairs of ventral lenticles. The 4th to the 

 8th abdominals are also similar, except that the prespiracular lenticle 

 on the flange is absent. There are no ventral lenticles either on the 

 7th or 8th abdominal segments ; the 8th has three subsegments, and 

 the 9th two. The 9th carries the dorsal, lateral, and flange lenticles, 

 but the 10th only the dorsal lenticles. On the posterior wall of the 

 anal claspers is a large pale orange wart, without hair or seta. The 

 whole skin of the larva is covered with a clothing of black spicules, and 



