276 



BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



there are numberless dark warts, perhaps thicker on the ridges of the 

 subsegments, scattered everywhere over the surface. Each wart on 

 the dorsal and lateral areas bears a pale, short, stout, glass-like seta, 

 expanded at the apex into a funnel with a puckered margin. Some of 

 these warts and their seta? are larger than others, and among the larger 

 ones I believe I can distinguish the primary tubercles i and ii. In the 

 ventral area the warts carry each a rather long, sharply pointed, seta. 

 In general shape the larva is very stout, and of a hairless, though 

 wrinkled, appearance. The prothorax forms a kind of neck. The 

 stoutest segments are the 3rd, 4th, and 5th. There is a strong lateral 

 flange. The thoracic legs are rather small, pale ochreous, and almost 

 translucent. The abdominal claspers of moderate size, pale green, with 

 a complete circle of brown hooklets, apparently in two rows. The 

 colour of the body is pale greyish-green. The dorsal vessel gives a 

 dark green mediodorsal line, and there are faint pale subdorsal and 

 spiracular lines. Comparison of fourth with fifth instar : Besides the 

 great difference in size of the larvae when in these instars there are two 

 other marked distinctions. The head in the fifth instar is marked 

 with pale patches, which gives it an ochreous appearance, not a black 

 aspect, as it has in the fourth instar. The most marked and essential 

 difference, however, lies in the formation of the setae on the dorsal and 

 lateral areas of the larva (see pi. vii., figs. 1-3). In the fourth instar 

 these setae are short and clubbed, or cupped at the apex, in fact, so 

 widely are some of them expanded at the apex that the seta might 

 almost be described as funnel-shaped. In the 5th instar the setae of these 

 areas gradually run to a point, and may be described as curved spines. 

 Fifth instar: Length, at rest, 19mm.; outstretched, 22mm.; width 

 of head, 2-5mm. Greatest width of body (3rd abdominal segment), 

 4mm. In general aspect the larva is short and very stout, 

 rather pointed at the posterior end, very flat beneath, with a strong 

 lateral flange. The head, owing to the remarkably small prothorax, 

 appears large. Both the legs and claspers are rather small. 

 Colour : Head blackish -grey, with six pale brown blotches, usually 

 arranged as follows : — On each cheek, near the suture, is a crescent 

 with its convex side towards the suture, the cusps are very pale ; above 

 the black ocelli is a somewhat triangular spot, and another similar 

 spot just between the ocelli and the labrum. The lower part of the 

 labrum is conspicuously pale. The body is soft greyish-green, showing 

 a yellow tinge where the skin is folded, and on the 10th abdominal 

 segment. The anterior portion of the prothorax is paler than the 

 general area on account of the absence of the black spicules. The 

 dorsal vessel is very conspicuous as a thin dark line. A subdorsal 

 whitish line runs from the prothorax to the 10th abdominal segment. 

 There is also a slender, but less distinct, pale spiracular line. The 

 spiracles are pale buff. Thoracic legs ochreous with black tips, while 

 the ventral and anal claspers are greyish-green with brown hooklets. 

 The head of the larva is heart-shaped, the suture well-marked, but 

 the clypeal borders not very distinct. Form : When viewed from 

 above, at rest, the head of the larva appears largo, wider than the 

 prothorax, which is small and narrow, but the mesothorax is wider 

 than the head, and the metathorax rather wider than the mesothorax. 

 The larva increases in width rather suddenly to the 3rd abdominal 

 segment, the 4th and 5th about equal to the 3rd, the 6th a little 



