NISONIADES TAGES, 282 



each other ventrally, making the girth seem to be the wrong way up 

 (Chapman. April 12th, 1906). 



Pupa. — The pupa in general outline is very similar to that of 

 Hesperia malvae, but with more of the Sphingid curve (like that of 

 Sesia stellatarum) . The dorsum is hollow from the mesothorax to the 6th 

 abdominal ; the venter prominent at the ends of the appendages, but 

 hollow opposite metathorax. Length 15mm. — 10-5mm.toendof append- 

 ages, 4-5mm. beyond. Seen dorsally, front very flat. A line across the 

 front of eyes is 2-7mm., and the central portion of the curve in front 

 of this is only about 0'6mm. in advance of this line ; behind this, for about 

 l*2mm. the width is unchanged, then it widens for about 1mm. to 

 4'OOmin. at wing-spine (merely a rounded fulness); it maintains this width 

 to the 2nd abdominal segment, from which it widens to 4*5mm. at end 

 of 4th abdominal segment (9mm. from front), thence it tapers increasingly 

 (making a curved margin) to end of cremaster. Seen laterally, the 

 " Sphinx curve " is the dominant feature. When at rest, the dorsum is 

 nearly straight from the 1 st to the 5th abdominal ; from this point the 

 dorsal line slopes down to the tail-end, but so much less than the ventral 

 line, that a longitudinal axis of the pupa (estimated) would have the end of 

 the cremastral spine above it by half the distance to the dorsal line (of 

 front abdominal segments). This dorsal line, carried forward, would 

 have the top of the mesothorax about 0'6mm. above it, and would 

 reach the surface again a little behind the front margin of the meso- 

 thorax. About 2mm. of the ventral line, behind the face, would be 

 about parallel to the dorsal line (of abdominal segments). Thence it 

 swells out to about middle of 3rd abdominal segment, and thence 

 retires again to end of appendages, and continues the same curve, pretty 

 uniformly, to end of cremaster. The antero-posterior diameter of the 

 pupa, at different points, would be about 2-8mm. at thoracic spiracle,. 

 3*5mm. at middle of mesothorax, 3*8mm. at 1st abdominal, 4 , lmm. 

 at the middle of the 3rd abdominal, 3'4mm. at the end of the 4th 

 abdominal segment. The pupa examined is not, perhaps, quite 

 mature, so the colours may yet deepen somewhat. The head and thorax 

 with appendages look blackish, but, on examination, are seen to be a 

 very deep green, with a good deal of transparency (or translucency), 

 the abdominal segments a light reddish- brown. The whole pupa is 

 shining and polished, so that one is hardly prepared to find that 

 (except appendages) it has a tolerably abundant coating of very short 

 pale hairs. The centre of the eyes, and some other portions, are paler 

 green, a notable feature (in colouring and form) is the cover of the 

 prothoracic spiracle, which is quite black, and, when taken in profile,, 

 stands out from the smooth surface as a black cone about # 2mm. high ■ 

 from the front it is more like a square epaulet. On the head and 

 thorax one cannot say that the hairs have any special arrangement, 

 but, on the abdomen, there is a very definite row at the line marking- 

 off the intersegmental subsegment, substantially, but not quite, the 

 posterior border of the segment; then there is another row across,, 

 approximately, the middle of the segment, this one is less 

 regular, and has other hairs near it, but hardly of it. It is most 

 definite latero-dorsally. There are other more scattered hairs that 

 can hardly be interpreted as a row anterior to this. Ventrally, the 

 hairs are very minute and few, very nearly obsolete. The curvature of 

 the glazed eye is directed almost exactly forward, and the extreme front 



