282 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



of the pupa is the base of the labmm. The labrum is triangular, apex 

 pointed, the mandibles rounded, hardly meeting in middle line, being 

 separated by the narrow diamond of labium which divides them and 

 the extreme bases of the maxillae. Basally, the maxillae are very wide ; 

 they reach the end of the wings, and just project beyond by their 

 conical termination. The second legs reach the eyes. The first legs 

 end at 5*5mm. from the head-end of pupa, the antenna at 7'5mm., and 

 the 2nd legs at 8-2mm. All the appendages have a little transverse 

 wrinkling, but it does not interfere with their polished appearance, the 

 wrinkling being fine waves and not ridges. The neuration of the wings 

 is indicated by raised ribs, but is a little obscure. "Poulton's line " is 

 obvious; the region beyond it is smooth and whitish, narrow at the 

 anal angle, nearly 1-Omm. wide towards the apex, and even a little 

 more if taken diagonally to the actual apex. The cremastral spine is 

 small and rounded, about 05mm. wide, and 0*6mm. long. The 

 cremastral hooks are scattered over its sides and end, those at end are 

 so twisted in silk as to be difficult to see, let alone count, but are 

 probably not more than ten or a dozen, if as many. They are about 

 0*25mm. long, with a smooth shaft and a large flat circular end made 

 by the curling round of the hair. One such hair occurs half way up 

 the cremastral spine, and there are several abortive ones scattered about 

 it, some with hardly a trace of a hook, and one or two like fine cork-screws. 

 In the living pupa, the dorsal head-pieces are not marked off by similar 

 sutures to those separating the other parts, but by a delicate line, 

 looking white in some lights, never dark like the others. The living 

 pupa only presents the usual two (5th and 6fch abdominal) free segments, 

 notwithstanding that, on dehiscence, other incisions open as if free, 

 notably those between the pro- and mesothorax and the 7th and 8th 

 abdominal. The genital areas form, in front, a horseshoe- shaped pro- 

 jecting rim on the ventral aspect of the 10th abdominal. In the $ , the 

 9th abdominal segment has a single transverse elevation ; in the 2 , is 

 apparently no elevation, but the two small linear pits seem to be on the 

 8th abdominal segment, all divisions between the segments being- 

 smoothed out. On the dorsum of the 9th abdominal segment of a male 

 pupa is a curious longitudinal incision (March 8th, 1906). Bro)n a 

 dehisced and, mounted pupa : The maxillae (together) are 2 -5mm. across 

 (at about 1mm. from their anterior angles), their upper ends, above 

 this point, form, approximately, a semicircle ; at this point, each forms 

 a right angle, the upper (curved) edge being against the face, the lower 

 (outer) margin against the 1st legs ; thence they narrow rapidly, so 

 that, at 1mm. lower, both together are 1mm. across ; they continue 

 downwards for 10mm. in all, and terminate between the ends of the 

 wings. A small scrap of labium appears between their upper ends. 

 The 1st and 2nd legs both abut equally against face and eye, the 1st, 

 therefore, not touching antenna. It has a length of 4mm., ending, 

 therefore, half-way down the maxillae, the 2nd ends 2-5mm. further. 

 The antennae reach nearly the same point. The ends of the maxillae, 

 of 3rd tarsi, and wing-apices, appreciably project beyond posterior 

 border of 4th abdominal segment. The eye-covers are large, the 

 " glazed " portion is dotted very finely with minute points in radiating 

 rows, the central rough portion carries a good many fine hairs. The 

 dorsal headpiece is a small slip, 1mm. long transversely, 0*2mm. at 

 widest longitudinally, that remains fixed to the front edge of prothornx. 



