306 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



Aubotis. — Z. quercus, betulae (type), priori, w- album, ilicis. 



Heodes. — Z. hippothoe, chryseis, virgaureae, phlaeas, belle, garbas, rubi. 



Cyaniris. — (a) Z. arion, alcon, cyllarus, argianus, argiolus, alsus. 



(b) Z. Icarus, adonis, alexis, agestis, eumedon, optilete, battus, 

 argus. 



It will be observed tha.t Aurotis is nothing more than the Thecla of 

 Fabricius, i.e., Cupido, section e, of Schrank. Heodes is practically 

 identical with section a of Lycaena, Leach = section c of Cupido, 

 Schrank. Cyaniris separates the " blues " from the "coppers." 



Oken, however, in 1815, following Fabricius and Latreille in the 

 use of Thecla, utilised (Lehrb. Zool., i., p. 71 1) Hesperia for the 

 " coppers," and followed Latreille in restricting the name Lycaena to 

 the " blues," which he subdivides and arranges as follows : — 



Lycena ( = Gupido). — 150 species. 



I. Underside of the hindwings without reddish-yellow band. 



(1) Wings unnotched — L. arion, alcon, euphemus, erebus, cyllarus, 



acts (semiargus), argiolus, damon, alsus, lysimon, pheretes. 



(2) Wings notched— L. daphnis (meleager). 



II. Underside of the hindwings with yellowish transverse band — L. 



corydon, dorilas (hylas), adonis (bellargus) , icaria (amandus) , alexis, 



eros, orbitulus, agestis, eumedon, admetus, optilete, argus, aegon, 



hylas (baton), battus, amyntas (argiades). 



Hesperia. — H. helle (amphidamas), circe (dorylas), thersamon, gordius, hippono'e 



(alciphron), chryseis (hippothoe), eurybia, hippothoe, virgaureae, phleas, ballus, rubi. 



Thecla. — T. quercus, baeticus, telicanus, spini, ilicis, aesculi, acaciae, iv-album, 



pruni, betulae. 



In 1816, Ochsenheimer (Schmett. von Europa, iv., pp. 24 et seq.) uses 

 only the name Lycaena, but follows out Oken's subdivisions exactly, 

 adding one or two species, but making no other difference. 



In 1817 (February), " R.L." (an anonymous reviewer of 

 Ochsenheimer in Jena. Ally. Lit. Zeit., i., p. 280) uses Aricia for 

 Ochsenheimer's family A (the "blues"), Lycaena for family B (the 

 " coppers," Thestor ballus, and (-allophrys rubi, etc.), and Thecla for 

 family C (other " hairstreaks," etc.). 



In the same year (September), Zincken (reviewing the same w T ork 

 in Ally. Lit. Zeit., iii., p. 75) proposes the new name Chrysoptera for 

 Ochsenheimer's family viii (B) ("coppers," Thestor ballus and Callophrys 

 rubi), and Thecla for family ix (C) (other "hairstreaks," etc.). 



But by far the most important work published, commenced to see 

 the light from about 1816 to 1818, viz., Hiibner's Yerzeichniss. In the 

 Ruralides, however, the author did not find quite so clear a field as in 

 the Urbicolids and some other groups, and by a misuse of the name 

 Lycaena (of which he erroneously notes xerodice as the type, this not 

 being one of the original species), and, dropping all the hitherto-used 

 names, gives a detailed classification under new titles, the part that 

 concerns us here being as follows (pp. 66 et seq.) : — 



Tribus. — Gentiles. 

 Stirps 1. — Agrodleti. 

 Family A. — Alolescentes. 



Coitus 1. — EuMjEI — Eumaeus minyas, Hb. 



Coitus 2. — Nomiad/b — Nomiades acis, Schiff., Verz., Pap. no. 5, Hb., 

 Pap., 269-271. N. pheretes (atys, Hb., Pap., 495-496, 548-549). N. 

 damon, Schiff., Verz., Pap. no. 6 (biton, Sulz., Gesch., 18, 9, 

 Hb., Pap., 275-277). N. damoetas, Schiff., Verz., Pap. no. 7, Hb., 

 Pap., 266-268. N. erebus, Enoch, Beytr., ii., Pap. 4, Hb., Pap., 

 260-262. N. alsus, Schiff., Verz., Pap. "no. 9, Hb., Pap., 278-9. N. 

 alcon, Schiff., Verz., Pap. no. 4 (areas, Esp., Pap., 34, 4-5, Hb., 



